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- The amount of this in the cell rises as DNA synthesis begins. Cis-acting element that can increase transcription at a distant promoter. Encoded by, and required to propagate, Long INterspersed Element transposons. 1. steroid hormone The amount of this in the cell falls rapidly as DNA 2. steroid hormone receptor synthesis begins. Upon binding its ligand, it 3. DNA methyltransferase dimerizes and binds to a specific DNA sequence. 4. Adenosine deaminase Covalently modifies other proteins during a specific 5. Peptide hormone phase of the cell cycle. Regulatory signal that 6. Histone acetyltransferase binds to the extracellular domain of a receptor 7. Enhancer protein. 8. Recognizes and cuts a pair Reverse transcriptase of short inverted repeats in DNA. 9. Transposase Passes unassisted through membranes to bind to its target protein, which then activates gene expression. Base-modifying enzyme that changes the pairing properties of its substrate. Decondenses chromatin by neutralizing the…E VG ✓H NA MATEN Match each letter (A through G) to its description. B A ya pada saat ada para a H F காலிமாம்ம் P S —— 1. Receptor 2. RNA 3. Lysosome 4. DNA 5. Ribosome 6. Ligand 7. Kinase domain 8. Nucleus 9. Mitochondria 10. Phosphorylated transcription factor 11. Dephosphorylated transcription factor 12. Plasma membrane10. Protein expression can be blocked by antisense oligonucleotides. Which mechanism enables antisense oligonucleotides to block protein synthesis? O Antisense oligonucleotides bind to ribosomes and inhibit their function. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to DNA in the nucleus and inhibit the synthesis o MRNA. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and inhibit ribosome assembly. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to messenger RNA (MRNA) and prevents mRNA binding to ribosomes.
- Which of the following are involved in post transcriptional control? controlof RNAsplicing controlof RNA shuttling controlof RNA stability d. all of the aboveThe binding of _____ is required for transcription to start. a protein DNA polymerase RNA polymerase a transcription factorControl of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? a. only the transcriptional level b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
- Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect which of the following? protein function transcriptional regulation chromatin modification all of the aboveMechanisms that govern gene expression do not operate during ___ . a. transcription b. RNA processing c. translation d. knockouts1.Describe the journey of a protein, from its synthesis to its final destination 2. Explain the different stages of transcription and the role of the elements involved with the right terminology (template vs. non-transcribed strand, promoter, stop sequence, TATA box, general and specific transcription factors, RNA polymerase II, etc.); 3. Explain what the maturation (modifications) of pre-messenger RNA consists of and its role
- 1d. The csRH mRNA and protein are represented in the diagram below. MRNA 5' AUG 3' ribosome protein signal kinase transmembrane ligand binding domain DNA binding domain sequence domain domain cytoplasm plasma membrane extracellular fluid i. In the boxes on the image, label the N and C termini of the csRH protein. of the csRH protein must be cleaved off before it can be ii. The trafficked along the to the cell membrane. iii. On the schematic above, draw the csRH protein as you would find it at the plasma membrane. Be sure to label the N and C termini of the protein you draw to indicate its orientation. iv. Which protein domains would you NOT expect to find as part of the intracellular hormone H receptor protein icRH?1. Which of these activities occur in ER? You can select more than one. Transcription Translation rotein folding A protein glycosylation anulphide bond formation O Addition of mannose6 phosphate 5. ER experiences stress when ER protein-folding capacity is overwhelmed. leading to accumulation of misfolded proteins. Which of these factors can cause ER stress? Z Nutrient deprivation Hypoxia Point mutation in secreted proteins O loss of calcium homeostasis in ER lumen O smal sized ER 7. What are the responses to ER stress? ncrease in the production of chaperons Increase in the production of degrading enzymes Increase in the size of ER 7ooptosis O O7. Methyl groups attached to the DNA can ____a. Cause mutation of the DNA sequenceb. Regulate the timing and degree of gene expressionc. Relax the DNA and promote binding of transcription factorsd. Degrade the gene to which it is attached and inhibit its translation?