One of the most common diseases of the human respiratory system is pneumonia, an inflammation of the lungs, usually caused by bacteria. Pneumonia can also be caused by viruses. Viral pneumonia is more difficult to treat. Explain why?
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- The Centers for Disease Control said that during the 2009 pandemic, the H1N1 (Swine Flu) affected as many as 55 million Americans. In the fall of 2009, President Obama declared a national emergency as the illness spread across the country. The CDC says the pandemic killed at least 12,000 people. In late 2013 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received an unusually high number of reports of severe respiratory illness among young and middle-aged adults in the last two months of 2013. Many of the cases were linked to forms of H1N1. Texas has been hardest hit in the 2013-2014 flu season with 35 deaths from flu as of 02/06/14, the majority H1N1. 1. What does “H” stand for and how does it assist the virus in infecting a host? 2. What does “N” stand for and how does it assist the virus in infecting a host?Many hospitals are making seasonal flu shots mandatory for their employees. Some facilities will allow workers with a medical or religious release to be excused from receiving the shot but they are required to wear a mask for the duration of the "flu season". Other facilities are firing employees that refuse to get the flu shot. Why?Can Cytomegalovirus (CMV) release any toxicant? What I mean is if the virus perform any kind of chemical rection while inactive like when it is in the environment releasing toxins or when is active inside the host such as inside the human body?
- Which of the following statements reflects the pathogenesis of influenza virus? A-The virus frequently establishes persistent infections in the lung B-Viremia is common C-The virus enters the host in airborne droplets D-Viral infection does not kill cells in the respiratory tract E-Pneumonia is not associated with secondary bacterial infectionsThe plague is estimated to have killed people during The Black Death pandemic. In part because the fatality rate is this if untreated. up to 15 million, 10-30%, 25% if Pneumonic up to 30 million, 20-40%, 50% if Pneumonic O up to 100 million, 30-50%, 75% if Pneumonic O up to 200 million, 30-70%, 100% if PneumonicA man has a severe case of sinusitis that is negative for bacterial pathogens. A physician prescribes an oral antibacterial drug for treatment. What is right or wrong with this therapy?
- All of the following are requirements for being a "carrier" of an infection, except: a. Active multiplication of the infectious agent in the body b. Absence of recognizable symptoms and signs of the infection c. Presence of the infectious agent in the body d. Ability to transmit the infection through excretions, discharges, and/or respiratory dropletsRhinoviruses, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped viruses, these and other nonenveloped viruses tend to remain infectious outside the body longer, are more likely to be spread by contact with surfaces, and are less likely to be rendered harmless by exposure to hand sanitizer or hand washing. Explain how the lack of an envelope could contribute to these characteristics.Which of the following is NOT true about human plague (Yersinia pestis infection)? In the US, most cases are primary pneumonic plague, with direct respiratory transmission from person to person The reservoir for human Y. pestis infection is rodents, such as rats or wild rodents like ground squirrels and prairie dogs None of the other four answers (all are true about human plague) Infected fleas' gastrointestinal tract is blocked by Y. pestis growth, causing them to regurgitate and infect a new host when they bite Painful swollen lymph nodes are called "buboes", which is the origin of the name "bubonic plague"
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding viral infections of the upper respiratory tract?A The virus causes damage to serous cells but not ciliated cellsB Children with croup develop an expiratory stridorC The virus attaches and invades the respiratory capillariesD Secondary bacterial infections are often a complication of viral infectionsAn 83 year old patient has been ill the past couple of days with an upper respiratory infection. Her temperature has been elevated at 99.5 °F. Her daughter took her to the physician because of the patient's increasing shortness of breath, fatigue, and lack of appetite. The physician diagnosed a community acquired viral pneumonia and prescribed a 10 day days antibiotics regime. The daughter asked the office nurse, Why is my mother being put on antibiotics if she has a virus? I thought antibiotics did not work for a virus. How would the nurse explain this to the patient and her daughterIn 1874 a man by the name of Dr. Trudeau knew all too well that a large number of people diagnosed with consumption (now called Tuberculosis) ultimately died. Crowded together in cities like New York, where he was living with his young family, were tens of thousands of immigrants who were trying to adapt to life in the U.S. They worked long days in crowded factories and lived in inadequate housing with poor ventilation, sanitation, and very little food. Despite being ill, they labored for as long as they could draw breath as the bacterial infection in their lungs worsened and spread, eroding blood vessels and causing bleeding and poor oxygenation, or causing the lungs to fill with fluid until the sufferer might literally drown. After work, they would retire to their dank, crowded apartments to be nursed by their families until they died. Often family members would themselves become infected from their close contact and constant inhalation of organisms expelled by their…