pro nas Y UGlars tO sper UP JO two periods. Let c denote the amount of consumption that the individual would like to purchase in period 1 and c2 denote the amount of consumption that the individual would like to consume in period 2. The individual begins period 1 with Y dollars and can purchase cı units of the consumption good at a price P and can save any unspent wealth. Use sı to denote the amount of savings the individual chooses to hold at the end of period 1. Any wealth that is saved earns interest at rate r so that the amount of wealth the individual has at his/her disposal to purchase consumption goods in period 2 is (1+r)s1. This principal and interest on savings is used to finance period 2 consumption. Again, for simplicity, we can assume that it costs P2 dollars to buy a unit of the consumption good in period 2.
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- Explain how does adecrease in the current income y affect the consumer’s consumption-saving decision. In particular,explain: 1) How will current consumption c, future consumption c', and savings s change; 2) Arethere any substitution effect or income effect. Make sure you draw two figures, one for the borrowersand one for the lenders.Consider the problem of an individual that has Y dollars to spend on consuming over wo periods. Let c1 denote the amount of consumption that the individual would like co purchase in period 1 and c2 denote the amount of consumption that the individual would like to consume in period 2. The individual begins period 1 with Y dollars and can purchase ci units of the consumption good at a price P and can save any unspent wealth. Use s1 to denote the amount of savings the individual chooses to hold at the end of period 1. Any wealth that is saved earns interest at rate r so that the amount of wealth the ndividual has at his/her disposal to purchase consumption goods in period 2 is (1+r)s1. This principal and interest on savings is used to finance period 2 consumption. Again, for simplicity, we can assume that it costs P2 dollars to buy a unit of the consumption good in period 2.hich theory of consumption best explains the consumption behavior of consumers of our economy? Question No: 02 [Marks: 10] If the State Bank started printing large quantities of Pakistani Rupees (Rs), what would happen to the number of Pakistani Rupees a dollar could buy? Why? Question No: 03 [Marks: 10] Deseribe the difference batuuean foreian diract investmet and foraion nortfolie invastment Who is mora likelu to
- Consider the intertemporal consumption problem of Mr Cronus between two periods, say this yearand next year. His utility function takes the form U (c1; c2) = pc1 +0:97pc2, where c1 and c2 arehis consumption this and next year respectively. It can be shown (and you do not have to) thatthis utility function satis es diminishing marginal rate of substitution.His yearly income is stable at 100 unit (let say a unit is ten-thousand). He faces di¤erent interestrates between borrowing and saving. Speci cally, the saving interest rate is 0:02, whereas theborrowing interest rate is 0:04.(a) Describe the budget set facing Mr Cronus.(b) Is Mr Cronus a borrower? Explain your answer.(c) Is Mr Cronus a saver? Explain your answer.Question 4 Explain how does a decrease in the current income y affect the consumer's consumption-saving decision. In particular, explain: 1) How will current consumption c, future consumption c', and savings s change; 2) Are there any substitution effect or income effect. Make sure you draw two figures, one for the borrowers and one for the lenders.Consider a two-period consumption saving model and let f1 and f2 denote the first and secondperiod consumption, respectively. Assume that the interest rate at which the consumer may lend or borrowis 10%. Suppose that a consumer’s utility function is x (f1> f2) = f1 + 20√f2= The consumer first periodincome is L1 = $100 and the present value of her income stream is $330=(a) What is the optimal consumption stream (consumption bundle) of this consumer?(b) Is this consumer borrower or lender? How much does she borrow or lend?(c) What is the effect of a reduction of the interest rate to 5% on the consumer’s optimal first-periodsaving? (Make sure to take into account the effect of the decline in the interest rate on the present value ofthe consumer’s income stream.)
- 1) In the IS equation why wasnt G in the calculations. 2)Suppose that with all exogenous variables, including T and M at their original values, households become less confident about the future and reduce their autonomous level of consumption from 200 to 150. Solve for the new values of e, Y and NX. With the help of graphs, explain very carefully the mechanisms by which a new equilibrium is reached. 3)Suppose that with all exogenous variables at their original values, the autonomous part of money demand increases to 70. Solve for the new values of e, Y and NX. With the help of graphs, explain very carefully the mechanisms by which a new equilibrium is reached.Consider the two-period Neoclassical growth model seen in class. Let the utility function take the logarithmic form U(C)=In C.4. Mateo is deciding how many dollars to consume today and how many to consume next week. We earns $1,000 each week and earns a real interest rate of p = 0.01 on any money saved today. He also needs to pay the same interest rate if he borrows money today and repays it next week. If his utility function is U (C₁, C₂) = cc₂, where c₁ is units of consumption today and c₂ is units of consumption next week, how many units will he consume this week?
- Garfield enjoys pizzas and hanging out (leisure). He sleeps 8 hours per day. Of the remaining16 hours, for each hour he chooses to work he gets paid 2 pizzas. Garfield must pay 6 pizzas intaxes but receives dividends equivalent to 6 pizzas.1. Draw Garfield’s budget constraint (put consumption on the vertical axis and leisure of thehorizontal). Make sure to show the vertical and horizontal intercepts as well as the slope.b. Now suppose that Garfield chooses to work 10 hours per day. Find how many hoursof leisure and how many pizzas he will consume.c. Using your answer from b, show Garfield’s optimal point on the budget line and drawthe indifference curve passing from that point.4. Suppose that Garfield’s wage falls to 1 pizza per hour. Draw Garfield’s new budgetconstraint. Make sure to show the value of any intercept that has changed.5. Suppose that in response, Garfield decides to work for 6 hours per day. How much leisurewill he take, and how much pizza will he consume?6. Use an…Garfield enjoys pizzas and hanging out (leisure). He sleeps 8 hours per day. Of the remaining16 hours, for each hour he chooses to work he gets paid 2 pizzas. Garfield must pay 6 pizzas intaxes but receives dividends equivalent to 6 pizzas.1. Draw Garfield’s budget constraint (put consumption on the vertical axis and leisure of thehorizontal). Make sure to show the vertical and horizontal intercepts as well as the slope.b. Now suppose that Garfield chooses to work 10 hours per day. Find how many hoursof leisure and how many pizzas he will consume.c. Using your answer from b, show Garfield’s optimal point on the budget line and drawthe indifference curve passing from that point.4. Suppose that Garfield’s wage falls to 1 pizza per hour. Draw Garfield’s new budgetconstraint. Make sure to show the value of any intercept that has changed.5. Suppose that in response, Garfield decides to work for 6 hours per day. How much leisurewill he take, and how much pizza will he consume?6. Use an…Use the black line (plus symbols) to plot the line illustrating the combinations of salad and pizza that Andrew can purchase with a budget of $30.00. PIZZA (Slices) 14 12 10 00 4 2 O to 0 2 4 8 8 SALAD (Bowls) 10 12 14 Initial Budget New Budget ? Now suppose Andrew's income is cut in half: That is, he has 50% less money to spend than he did before. On the previous graph, use the blue line (circle symbols) to plot Andrew's new budget constraint. Which of the following statements best summarizes the pattern of causality captured by the graph above? Check all that apply. The relationship between S and P is not a causal relationship. A change in E causes a shift of the budget constraint. A change in S causes a change in P. A change in P causes a change in S.