Q3. Consider the following tw0-stage game: Stage 1: Player 1 moves first to choose either L or R. Stage 2: Player 2 can observe the action of Player 1; they then move simultaneously to choose A or B. The game is given in extensive form as: Stage 2 (10,10) (0,9) Stage 1 (9,0) (7,7) Player 1 (1,1) (0,2) (2,0) Player 1 (8,8) Player 2
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- 14. You have baked a cake, but your two dear daughters won't stop fighting on who gets the biggest slice. To settle the dispute, to ask your dear daughter one (DD1) to cut the cake and your dear daughter two (DD2) to choose which piece she wants. (a) Draw the extensive form of the game. Let dear daughter one's strategies be "Cut Evenly" or "Cut Unevenly"; depending on what is on the platter, dear daughter two's strategies might in- clude "Take Big Slice", "Take Small Slice", or "Take Equal Slice". Assign payoffs to dear daughter one and dear daughter two that grow with the size of the slice that they receive. (b) Use backward induction to find the equilibrium outcome of this game. (c) Is the promise to take a small slice by DD2, if DD1 cuts unevenly, credible? Explain carefully. (d) After the rules are announced, dear daughter two says "It is not fair! I want to be the one who gets to cut the cake, not the one who chooses the slice!". Is dear daughter two's complaint valid? You are…8) Find the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the following normal form game. Player 2 T1 T2 T3 2, 3 3, 5 1, 1 Player 1 S2 1, 4 4, 3 0, 5 Player 1 attaches probability (S1, S2) = () and Player 2 attaches probability (T1, T2, T3) = ( ) Player 1 attaches probability (S1, S2) = (.) and Player 2 attaches probability (T1, T2, T3) = (qi, 42, 1 – q1 – 92) where q1 , and 0 < q2 S %3D Player 1 attaches probability (S1, S2) = (G,;) and Player 2 attaches probability (T1, T2, T1) = (qı.42, 1 – q1 – 42) where 0 < qi <, and q2 = 3. Player 1 attaches probability (S1, S) = (;, -) and player 2 attaches probability (T1, T2, T3) = (1.42, 1- q1- 42) where 0 s qı s and q2 =GAME UUU B1 Player B B2 A1 7,13 5, 10 A2 3,8 9,16 Player A A3 5,8 4,7 In Game UUU (see table above), assuming players move simultaneously, Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B3 is a Nash equilibrium. Player A choosing A3 and Player B choosing B2 is a Nash equilibrium. Both Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B1 and Player A choosing A2 and player B choosing B2 are Nash equilibria in pure strategies Player A choosing A1 and Player B choosing B2 is a Nash equilibrium.
- Cameron and Luke are playing a game called ”Race to 10”. Cameron goes first, and the players take turns choosing either 1 or 2. In each turn, they add the new number to a running total. The player who brings the total to exactly 10 wins the game. a) If both Cameron and Luke play optimally, who will win the game? Does the game have a first-mover advantage or a second-mover advantage? b) Suppose the game is modified to ”Race to 11” (i.e, the player who reaches 11 first wins). Who will win the game if both players play their optimal strategies? What if the game is ”Race to 12”? Does the result change? c) Consider the general version of the game called ”Race to n,” where n is a positive integer greater than 0. What are the conditions on n such that the game has a first mover advantage? What are the conditions on n such that the game has a second mover advantage?Consider the following extensive form game between player 1 and player 2. T B (2, 2) L R R (3, 1) (0, 0) (5, 0) (0, 1) (a). Find the normal form representation of this game. (show the bimatrix) (b). Find all pure strategy NE. (c). Which of these equilibria are subgame perfect?Consider the following sequential game. Player 1 plays first, and then Player 2 plays after observing the choice of Player 1. At the bottom of the decision tree, the first number represents the payoff of Player 1, while the second number represents the payoff of Player 2. For player 2, A stands for Accommodate and F stands for Fight. Player 1 Enter Player 2 A F A Stay out Player 2 F (16,30) (-6,18) In the Nash equilibrium of this game, player 2 earns Player 2 player 1 would play (0,40) (0,20) ✓an incentive to threaten F because, if player 1 believed him then so that player 2 would earn ✓. However, this threat is
- Three players (player 1, player 2 and player 3) each chooses a positive integer QE {1, 2, 3, . 100}. If all three players choose the same integer Q, each player gets $100/3. If all three players choose different integers, the player with the largest integer gets $100, and the two other players get $0. If two players choose the same integer Q, and the third player chooses a different integer Q', then the player playing Q' gets $0, and the two players who played Q get $50 each. Find 2 Nash equilibriums in this game. ....A game involves two players: player A and player B. Player A has three strategies a1, a2 and a3 while player B has three strategies b1, b2 and b3. Player B b1 b2 b3 a1 -40,30 70,20 -10,120 Player A a2 40,60 80,80 60,20 a3 -30,40 -50,110 150, -70 Assuming that this is a one-time game, answer the following questions: Is there any dominant strategy for each player? What is the secure strategy of each player. What is the Nash equilibrium of the game?Can you help me with the question below? What is [are] the Nash Equilibrium [Equilibria] of this game? A) (10;10) and (20;20) B) (30;30) C) (10;20) and (20;10) D) (20;20) E) (30;30)
- Two workers are on a production line. They each have two actions: exert effort, E, or shirk, S. Effort costs a worker e > 0 and shirking costs them nothing. If two workers do action E a lot of output is produced and the workers earn £3 each. If only one worker chooses action E less output is produced and they both earn £1. The workers earn nothing if they both shirk. (i) Describe this situation as a strategic form game (assuming the workers do not observe each other's effort choice when making their own decision). (ii) For what values of e does this game have strictly dominant strategies? (iii) Describe the Nash equilibria of this game for e = 0,1, 2, 3. (iv) The workers now are re-arranged into a production line. First worker 1 moves and then worker 2 moves. Worker 2 can now see worker l's effort level before they choose their effort. Draw this extensive form game. (v) Find the subgame perfect equilibria of the production-line game for c = 1/2 and c = 3/2.5 Suppose two players play one of the two normal-form games shown in Figure 1. L U 0,-1 D 2,4 R 2,0 6,0 L U | 4,-1 D 2,-2 R 2,0Now suppose that Player 2 knows which game is being played, but Player 1 does not. Find the pure strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium of this game.In a gambling game, Player A and Player B both have a $1 and a $5 bill. Each player selects one of the bills without the other player knowing the bill selected. Simultaneously they both reveal the bills selected. If the bills do not match, Player A wins Player B's bill. If the bills match, Player B wins Player A's bill. Develop the game theory table for this game. The values should be expressed as the gains (or losses) for Player A. Is there a pure strategy? Why or why not? Determine the optimal strategies and the value of this game. Does the game favor one player over the other? Suppose Player B decides to deviate from the optimal strategy and begins playing each bill 50% of the time. What should Player A do to improve Player A’s winnings? Comment on why it is important to follow an optimal game theory strategy.