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Recent studies have found instances of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits in humans (Relton et al., 2012). Females already possess their eggs at birth, whereas males do not produce sperm until puberty. For epigenetic modifications to be inherited by the next generation, the modifications must occur in the germ line of the parents. The data in the table was collected by a study conducted over decades with over 14,000 families. The study was used to analyze the impact of parents' behavior on Otheir children, including behaviors that occurred long before reproduction (Pembrey et al., 2006). Age father began smoking <10 11-12 13-14 15+ or never Son BMI age 7 Son BMI age 9 16.53 18.15 16.22 16.07 15.98 P = 0.271 17.73 17.75 17.23 P = 0.015 Daughter BMI age 7 16.45 16.33 16.54 16.41 P = 0.833 Daughter BMI age 9 18.64 18.22 18.24 18.04 P = 0.587 Determine what type of epigenetic inheritance is responsible for any changes in the offspring's body mass index (BMI) shown in the data table. higher BMI in daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's X chromosome O higher BMI in sons and daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's autosomes higher BMI in sons and daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's X chromosome O higher BMI in sons due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's Y chromosome

Recent studies have found instances of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits in humans (Relton et al., 2012). Females already possess their eggs at birth, whereas males do not produce sperm until puberty. For epigenetic modifications to be inherited by the next generation, the modifications must occur in the germ line of the parents. The data in the table was collected by a study conducted over decades with over 14,000 families. The study was used to analyze the impact of parents' behavior on Otheir children, including behaviors that occurred long before reproduction (Pembrey et al., 2006). Age father began smoking <10 11-12 13-14 15+ or never Son BMI age 7 Son BMI age 9 16.53 18.15 16.22 16.07 15.98 P = 0.271 17.73 17.75 17.23 P = 0.015 Daughter BMI age 7 16.45 16.33 16.54 16.41 P = 0.833 Daughter BMI age 9 18.64 18.22 18.24 18.04 P = 0.587 Determine what type of epigenetic inheritance is responsible for any changes in the offspring's body mass index (BMI) shown in the data table. higher BMI in daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's X chromosome O higher BMI in sons and daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's autosomes higher BMI in sons and daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's X chromosome O higher BMI in sons due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's Y chromosome

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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80 F3 Recent studies have found instances of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits in humans (Relton et al., 2012). Females already possess their eggs at birth, whereas males do not produce sperm until puberty. For epigenetic modifications to be inherited by the next generation, the modifications must occur in the germ line of the parents. The data in the table was collected by a study conducted over decades with over 14,000 families. The study was used to analyze the impact of parents' behavior on their children, including behaviors that occurred long before reproduction (Pembrey et al., 2006). 4 Age father began smoking < 10 11-12 13-14 15+ or never R F Determine what type of epigenetic inheritance is responsible for any changes in the offspring's body mass index (BMI) shown in the data table. O higher BMI in daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's X chromosome O higher BMI in sons and daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's autosomes O higher BMI in sons and daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's X chromosome O higher BMI in sons due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's Y chromosome F4 Relton, C. L.; Davey Smith, G. Two-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization: a strategy for establishing the causal role of epigenetic processes in pathways to disease. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2012, 41(1), 161-176. Pembrey, M.; Northstone, K.; Gregory, S.; Miller, L. L.; Golding, J. Is the growth of the child of a smoking mother influenced by the father's prenatal exposure to % 5 F5 T G ^ 6 Son BMI age 7 Son BMI age 9 16.53 18.15 16.22 16.07 15.98 P = 0.271 MacBook Air F6 Y H & 7 F7 U J 17.73 17.75 17.23 P = 0.015 * 8 DII F8 Daughter BMI age 7 16.45 16.33 16.54 16.41 P = 0.833 ( 9 K DD 0 Daughter BMI age 9 18.64 18.22 18.24 18.04 P = 0.587 O F10 F11 + 11 F12
Transcribed Image Text:80 F3 Recent studies have found instances of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits in humans (Relton et al., 2012). Females already possess their eggs at birth, whereas males do not produce sperm until puberty. For epigenetic modifications to be inherited by the next generation, the modifications must occur in the germ line of the parents. The data in the table was collected by a study conducted over decades with over 14,000 families. The study was used to analyze the impact of parents' behavior on their children, including behaviors that occurred long before reproduction (Pembrey et al., 2006). 4 Age father began smoking < 10 11-12 13-14 15+ or never R F Determine what type of epigenetic inheritance is responsible for any changes in the offspring's body mass index (BMI) shown in the data table. O higher BMI in daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's X chromosome O higher BMI in sons and daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's autosomes O higher BMI in sons and daughters due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's X chromosome O higher BMI in sons due to epigenetic changes of BMI-associated genes on father's Y chromosome F4 Relton, C. L.; Davey Smith, G. Two-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization: a strategy for establishing the causal role of epigenetic processes in pathways to disease. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2012, 41(1), 161-176. Pembrey, M.; Northstone, K.; Gregory, S.; Miller, L. L.; Golding, J. Is the growth of the child of a smoking mother influenced by the father's prenatal exposure to % 5 F5 T G ^ 6 Son BMI age 7 Son BMI age 9 16.53 18.15 16.22 16.07 15.98 P = 0.271 MacBook Air F6 Y H & 7 F7 U J 17.73 17.75 17.23 P = 0.015 * 8 DII F8 Daughter BMI age 7 16.45 16.33 16.54 16.41 P = 0.833 ( 9 K DD 0 Daughter BMI age 9 18.64 18.22 18.24 18.04 P = 0.587 O F10 F11 + 11 F12
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