Select the answer with an INCORRECT statement about the hydrophobic effect It is important for protein folding O It is driven by entropy It is the effect that dictates the way water molecules organize themselves around non-polar substances It allows amphiphilic molecules to form micelles and bilayers O It helps minimizing the contact between polar and non-polar substances

Select the answer with an INCORRECT statement about the hydrophobic effect It is important for protein folding O It is driven by entropy It is the effect that dictates the way water molecules organize themselves around non-polar substances It allows amphiphilic molecules to form micelles and bilayers O It helps minimizing the contact between polar and non-polar substances

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter3: Cell Structure

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SQ: In a lipid bilayer, the of all the lipid molecules are sandwiched between all of the __________. a....

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In the cell membrane, a bilayer exist wherein hydrophobic ends occupy the outside layer of the micelle O phospholipid hydrocarbon chains (tails) face each other ions freely move in and out of the membrane regardless of concentration gradient diffusion is the only mechanism in which nutrients can go in and out of the cell Enzymes are important because they make biochemical reactions possible they are insoluble in aqueous solution they produce more substrates that are needed in the body they block inhibitors Penicillin works as an antibiotic by A. inducing allosteric inhibition in lipases B. lowering the energy of activation of reactants C. attacking the double bond present in saturated fats D. inhibiting the enzyme that forms cell walls of bacteria O O O O O O O O
. DRAW IT An artificial “cell” consisting of an aqueous solutionenclosed in a selectively permeable membrane is immersed ina beaker containing a different solution, the “environment,”as shown in the accompanying diagram. The membrane ispermeable to water and to the simple sugars glucose and fructosebut impermeable to the disaccharide sucrose.(a) Draw solid arrows to indicate the net movement of solutesinto and/or out of the cell.(b) Is the solution outside the cell isotonic, hypotonic, orhypertonic?(c) Draw a dashed arrow to show the net osmosis, if any. (d) Will the artificial cell becomemore flaccid,more turgid,or stay the same?(e) Eventually, willthe two solutionshave the same ordifferent soluteconcentrations?
Identify this specific major lipid component of Acid-fast cell wall is a strong "hydrophobic" molecule that affects its cell wall permeability
In a lipid bilayer, the of all the lipid molecules are sandwiched between all of the __________. a. hydrophilic tails; hydrophobic heads b. hydrophilic heads; hydrophilic tails c. hydrophobic tails; hydrophilic heads d. hydrophobic heads; hydrophilic tails
The fatty acids below can be esterified to a glycerol molecule to form glycerophospholipids that, in turn, could aggregate to form a lipid bilayer. Arrange the fatty acids starting from which fatty acid will produce the least rigid bilayer going to the fatty acid that will produce the most rigid bilayer. • 14:0 • 12:0 • 22:0 • 18:0 O 12:0 < 18:0 < 14:0 < 22:0 O 14:0 < 12:0 < 22:0 < 18:0 O 22:0 < 18:0 < 14:0 < 12:0 O 12:0 < 14:0 < 18:0 < 22:0
What is the role of lysozyme and a low ionic strength extraction buffer? Select all that apply. Cells absorb water from a low ionic strength extraction buffer, by osmosis, swell and lyse, releasing their contents Lysozyme breaks down bonds in the cellulose cell wall of plants, weakening the structure Cells release water into a low ionic strength extraction buffer by osmosis, shrink and lyse, releasing their contents Lysozyme is an enzyme found in lysosomes in cells Lysozyme breaks down bonds in the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria, weakening the structure Lysozyme is an antibiotic found in tears, saliva, human milk and mucus.
Liposomes have long been investigated as drug delivery mechanisms in humans and animals, but only recently have they started to be used clinically in targeted cancer therapies and now, vaccines. Liposomes are simply vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer that contain an inner aqueous compartment. Hydrophilic compounds could be carried in the buffer inside the liposome or hydrophobic drugs within the membrane itself. For instance, the Moderna and Pfizer mRNA vaccines actually use liposome technology to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA to human cells. The liposomes fuse with the plasma membrane allowing the contents of the liposome to enter the cytosol of cells. Of course, once the mRNA is in the cytosol is can be translated to protein on a ribosome. Explain why nucleic acid won’t get through the plasma membrane on its own. Discuss the energetic restrictions to movement through the membrane
A phospholipid can be used to do all the following except O Increase the fluidity with the presence of unsaturated fatty acid tails. create a bi-layer membrane using amphipathic properties. form a micelle using a single layer and a hydrophobic core. O connect to a glycerol molecule to create a triacylglyceride.
During active transport, ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and one inorganic phosphate; more importantly, what molecule must be present to drive the hydrolysis of ATP forward? A glycerol molecule to separate the low energy bond between two phosphate groups A dehydrated form of amino acids that will destroy the peptide bonds between the polypeptide. A phosphate molecule to degrade the ester bond between phosphate and carboxylic acid groups. A water molecule to break the acid anhydride/phosphoanhydride bond between two phosphate groups.
Which of the following statements about the membrane bilayer is FALSE? ccarbohydrate moieties are found on the outer leaflet O glycerophospholipids can move from one layer to the other the composition of glycerophospholipids varies between inner and outer leaflets the outer layer is more negatively charged one side of the bilayer often has more of specific glycerophospholipid than the other layer
which of the following is correct about protein hydration? a- hydrophobic pathces are hydrated first followed by exposed polar side chains. b- the monolayer water that hydreates proteins are those that hydrate ionic, polar, and nonpolar amino acids on the surface of the protein c- polar amino acids are the first hydrated followed by ionic aminio acids d- hydration of hydrophoic patches in proteins is not possible
Mark the flow of water with an arrow for cells that have been placed in solutions of differing tonicity. Indicate what will happen to a plant and animal cell under each of these conditions. Direction of osmosis Plant cell Animal cell shape shape minor swelling The solute concentration outside the cell is isotonic (or equal) to the inside of the cell. No change swelling and lysis plasmolysis crenation Reset Zoom (a) Outside isotonic The solute concentration outside the cell is hypertonic to the inside of the cell. (b) Outside hypertonic The solute concentration outside the cell is hypotonic to the inside of the cell. (c) Outside hypotonic Oo Solute Cytosol ©2018 McGraw-Hill Education. Check m