Some mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas other mutations have no significant effects on protein structure and function. - Please explain reasons for the above-mentioned statement.

Some mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas other mutations have no significant effects on protein structure and function. - Please explain reasons for the above-mentioned statement.

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Description: Some mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas other mutations have no significant effects on protein structure and function.- Please explain reasons for the above-mentioned statement.-

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6QP: Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical...

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Some mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas other mutations have no significant effects on protein structure and function. Please explain reasons for the above mentioned statement. Human civilization has resulted in a large number of potentially mutagenic chemicals (e.g. pesticides) and has changed the environment to increase the likelihood of encountering other mutagens, especially UV radiation. What roles should the authorities play in identifying mutagens and regulating their release into the environment?
A nonsynonymous mutation is also referred to as missense mutation. Which of the following correctly describe these mutations? They are permanent and cannot revert or reverse mutate back into a wild-type sequence. They cause a non-functional amino acid to replace a functional amino acid. O They result in the insertion or deletion of a small number of nucleotides to the DNA. They change the nucleotide sequence of a gene but do not change the sequence of the resulting protein. None of the provided answers are correct. They convert a codon for a particular amino acid within a gene into a stop codon. They insert an additional amino acid into the final protein product.
Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?
Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are (1) nucleotide changes and (2) unstable genome regions that undergo dynamic changes. Describe each type of mutation.
Mutagenesis is a technique in which genetic information of an organism is altered in a stable manner resulting in a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature of as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using optimized laboratory procedures. (i) (ii) What is site directed mutagenesis (SDM)? Explain how SDM can assist in the integration of a His-tag at the end of your gene of interest.
Discuss three potential benefits and three possible harmful effects of genetic modifications on humans.
You are working in the lab with two known carcinogens found in cigarette smoke: Benzo(a)pyren (BaP) and nitrosamine ketone (NNK). BaP is an aromatic hydrocarbon and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is through oxidation reactions with DNA. NNK is a nitrosoamine. Describe how these two kinds of carcinogens lead to mutations. (Be detailed. Remember you are graded on effort/completeness.)
Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects on phenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provide answers for the following questions? 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a "silent mutation" that proven to have an effect on the phenotype and provide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?
Which of the following types of physical mutagens produces thymine dimmer mutations? A- gamma rays B- X-rays C- ionizing radiation D- ultraviolet light E- microwave
Original DNA Sequence: TACAC CTTGG CGACGACT... MRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Mutated DNA Sequence #5 TACACCTT G G GACGACT... (Highlight the change) What's the mRNA sequence? What will be the amino acid sequence? Will there likely be effects? What type of mutation is this? 1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait? 2. Which type of mutation does not result in an abnormal amino acid sequence? 3. Which type of mutation stops the translation of an mRNA molecule? NO
Based on the following wild type DNA sequence, indicate if each of the mutations should be classified as : insertion, deletion, missense, nonsense, silent (Use the provided Genetic Code table and remember you have been given DNA sequence). Wild Type: AUGAUUCUUAAAAGU Mutant 1: AUGAUUCUUUAAAGU Mutant 2: AUGAUUCUUGAAAGU Mutant 3: AUGAUCCUUAAAAGU Mutant 4: AUGAUCCUAAAAGU Mutant 5: AUGAUCCUUAAACAGU Socond letter Key: Ala = Alanine (A) Arg Arginine (R) Asn = UUU } UAU Tyr UGU UGC Cys UGA STOP UGG Trp UCU UCC UUC Phe Ser Asparagine (N) Asp = Aspartate (D) Cys Cysteine (C) Gin = Glutamine (Q) Glu = Glutamate (E) Gly = Glycine (G) His = Histidine (H) le = Isoleucine (1) Leucine (L) Lys Lysine (K) Met = Methionine (M) Phe = Phenylalanine (F) Pro Proline (P) Ser = Serine (S) Thr Threonine (T) Trp Tryptophan (W) Tyr Tyrosine (Y) - Valine (V) UCA UCG UAA STOP UAG STOP UUA Leu UUG S CCU CC CGU CUU CUC His CGC Arg Leu Pro CAA Gin CGA CCA CCG CUA CUG CGG Leu = AGU AUU AUC } lle AUA ACU ACC ACA Ser AAC…
Mutagens, when introduced to the body can always cause cancer. Is this statement true? Select the correct response: No. Mutagens do not necessarily, directly equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. Mutagens can be limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in the genetic make- up of the organism involved. Though some mutagens are considered as carcinogens, not all mutagens can lead to cancer. Yes. The terms can be used interchangeably even in the medical field. Yes. Mutagens does equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. However, mutagens is not only limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in…