2-4. Gasoline vapors are vented to the atmosphere when an underground gasolinestorage tank is filled. If the tanker truck discharges into the top of the tankwith no vapor control (known as the splash fill method), the emission of gaso-line vapors is estimated to be 2.75 kg/m' of gasoline delivered to the tank. Ifthe tank is equipped with a pressure relief valve and interlocking hose connec-tion and the tanker truck discharges into the bottom of the tank below thesurface of the gasoline in the storage tank, the emission of gasoline vapors isestimated to be 0.095 kg/m of gasoline delivered (Wark et al., 1998). Assumethat the service station must refill the tank with 4.00 m' of gasoline once aweek. Draw a mass balance diagram and estimate the annual loss of gasolinevapor (in kg/y) for the splash fill method. Estimate the value of the fuel that iscaptured if the vapor control system is used. Assume the density of the con-densed vapors is 0.800 g/mL and the cost of the gasoline is $1.06 per liter.

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spia ted to be 2.75 kg/m of gasoline deliver with a pressure relief valve and interloc ruck discharges into the bottom of the ta ne in the storage tank, the emission of g (Khowi

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Alnu tme rest Hitroģen (N2). Calculate: (i) Composition of the gas by mass. (ii) Average molecular weight. (iii) Density of the gas at 30°C and 200 kN/m². 3.60 A mixture of gas has the following composition by volume: Methane = 80% Ethane = 12% and Nitrogen = 8%. Calculate: (i) The composition of gas by weight%. (ii) Average molecular weight. (iii) Density of the gas mixture at 30°C and 750 mmHg. (iv) Specific gravity. 3.61 A by-product of coke oven produces 30,000 m3 of gas per hour having the following analysis: C6H6 = 5% CHs = 5% CH4 = 40% CO = 7% H2 = 35% CO2 = 5% N2 = 3% The gas leaves the oven at 1.4 atm and 390 °C. After cooling to 40°C, the benzene and toluene are completely removed by absorption. Calculate: (i) Average molecular weight of the gas entering the absorber. (ii) Weight of gas leaving the oven per hour. (iii) Volumetric composition of the gas leaving the absorber. (iv) Weight of benzene and toluene absorbed.
3. Given: Soda and lime are added to a glass batch in the form of soda ash (Na,CO,) and limestone (CaCO). During heating, these two ingredients decompose to give off carbon dioxide (CO₂), the resulting products being soda and lime. Find: Compute the weight of soda ash and limestone that must be added to 110 lb of quartz (SiO₂) to yield a glass of composition 72 wt% SiO₂, 16 wt% Na₂O, and 12 wt% Cao. Solution:
1. A wet gas from a field in Iran is processed through two stages of separation; first stage separator operates at 220 psia and 71°F, while the stock tank operates at atmospheric pressure and 69°F. The separator gas condensate ratio is 41,000 scf/STB and the stock tank gas condensate ratio is 450 scf/STB. The molecular weights of the separator gas and stock tank gas are 25.0 and 35.0 lb/lb-mol, respectively. The stock tank condensate gravity is 0.85 and its molecular weight is 125 lb/lb-mol. Let us calculate the specific gravity of the reservoir gas in a step-wise manner, by considering quantities for one STB of condensate. Note that 1.0 bbl is 5.614 ft. Separator gas MWsg = 25 lb/lb-mol 41,000 scf/STB Reservoir gas 1st stage separator 220 psia and 71°F Stock tank gas MWsg = 35 lb/lb-mol 450 scf/STB 2nd stage separator (Stock tank) 14.7 psia and 69°F MW=125 lb/lb-mol SGstc = 0.85 Stock tank condensate a. to one STB. Calculate the mole number [lb-mole] of the stock tank condensate that…
The ideal gas law relates the pressure P, volume V, absolute temperature T (Kelvin), and amount of gas n. nRT where R is the gas constant. P = The law is An engineer must design a large natural gas storage tank to be expandable to maintain the pressure constant at 2.2 atmospheres. In December when the temperature is -15°C, the volume of gas in the tank is 28,500 ft. What will the volume of the same quantity of gas be in July when the temperature is 31°C? (Hint: Use the fact that n, R, and P are constant in this problem. Note also that Kelvin = °C +273.2)
The relationship between pressure (in kPa), temperature (in Kelvin), and the specific volume (in- m/kg) ofa gas can-be expressed by the Redlich-Kwong equation of state as follows:¶ RT p = a v - b v(v+ b)VT" Where R=universal-gas constant (0.518 kJ/kg.K), a = 0.427R?T?* /Pc, dan-b = 0.0866R T./ Pe; Wwhere T, and-p, are critical temperature and the critical pressure of the gas, respectively. The transportation of compressed natural gas (CNG)'usesa special tank that can withstand high- pressure and ·low temperature. Assume that the CNG-contains-100% methane (critical- temperature =191-K, critical pressure=4600-kPa) at -40°C and 6500-kPa. Use the-bisection method to determine the mass of CNG-in the tank-if the tank volume is 3.5-m³. (Hint: Derive the- abovementioned-equation to form-0 =f(v,a,b,T,R),use VL=0.01 m³/kg-as the lower bound- and vu=0.02 m/kg as the upper-bound, and perform the iteration until the approximate error less- then 10%).
An experiment on the growth rate of certain organisms requires an environment of humid air enriched in oxygen. Three input streams are fed into an evaporation chamber to produce an output stream with the following composition. (A) Liquid water, fed at a rate of 20.0 cm³/min (B) Air (21% mole % 02, the balance N2) (C) Pure oxygen, with a molar flow rate one-fifth of the molar flow rate of stream B The output gas is analyzed and is found to contain 1.5 mole % water. Calculate the molar flowrate of all unknown stream variables.
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The combustion gases from an industrial furnace using a hydrocarbon fuel and dry air enter the stack gas at normal barometric pressure and 3750F and have the following Orsat analysis: 12.2% CO2, 3.1% O2, 1.2% CO, and 83.5% N2. Determine the following: (a) The percent excess air (b) The volume of gases entering the stack, expressed as cubic feet per pound of carbon burnt in the furnace (c) The dew point of the stack gas (d) The atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon in the fuel (e) The mol of stack gas per atom of carbon burnt
Gas Pressure Conversions • A given P(atm) takes different column heights (h) of different liquids (p) to balance in a barometer: P(H,0) = p(H,O) gn h(H,0) P(atm) = p(Hg) g, h(Hg) 1 h oc %3D %3D ... Find mm(H,0) that measures 1 atm = 760 mmHg: %3D h(H,O) = h(Hg) x e(Ha= 760 mm(Hg) x 13.5_g/mL = [O,2le0 mm(H,O) %D %3D p(H2O) 1.0 g/mL A barometer with liquid twice as dense as water shows 1 atm as: 0.38 m 1.52 m 5.15 m 20.6 m Convert 3.11 x 10-5 atm into mTorr 1 atm =100 Torr 3.11 x 10-5 atm xloO Torr 1 atm 1 mTorr 10-3 Torr 23.0mTorr (AKA: µ) 1 in(Hg) = 25.t mm(Hg) Pa = 29.92 inHg 80.6 KPa Convert 23.8 inHg into kPa %3D 1 atm = 760 mmHg = (01325 25.4 mm(Hg)x 1 in(Hg) %3D 101325 Pa 760 mmHg 1o Pa 23.8 inHg x x 1 kPa =
2- An Qutomobile wheel contoins with Po 25°C. The s?pop of 3x10 5 at pressure removed and the air COver was external agoinst. an finel expended adfabaticolly pressure of 105 Po. whot is the temperoture of the in the wheel? (Toke into gos the account that the gos behaves ideolly ond for gir 7/2A) value CS CamScanner ile tarandı
The liquefied petrolieum gas(LPG) is composed of 80% C;Hg and 20% C4H10 in mass basis. (1). Determine the molar fraction of C3H8 and C4H10 in LPG. (2). Determine the stoichiometric air fuel ratio of the LPG. (3). Determine the lower heating value of LPG in kJ/m³ at 25°C and 100 kPa. (4). LPG is mixed with excess air to burn in a boiler at 100 kPa. The CO2 in burned gas is 7% on dry basis. Determine the equivalence ratio of the mixture.
Biogas system design for cooking for a family of 9 members is considered here. The system design includes the estimation of total gas required, amount of feedstock (or dung), required and the number of animals required to have feedstock of a given amount. Following assumptions are made for the design: 1- About 350-450 liters of biogas required per day per person for cooking (in engine about 450 liters/hp/hour of biogas is required) 2- Average production of dung per animal per day: (Cow:10 kg/day, Bullock:14 kg/day and Buffalo:15 kg/day) 3- Other assumptions are: 1000 liters of gas is equivalent to 1 m3 of gas, average gas production from dung is about 40 liters/kg of fresh dung and retention period of dung slurry in digester is 50 days. Find 1- Bullocks 2- Buffalos 3:46 PM /