summarize these results using concise language in a neat table; Control : 5’ ATGTACGCGCGATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTTT 3’ This is the coding strand of DNA and hence this DNA sequence is similar to mRNA sequence. So the mRNA sequence is : 5’ AUGUACGCGCGAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’ Mutant 1: 5’ ATGTACGAGCGATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTTT 3’ mRNA sequence 5’ AUGUACGAGCGAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’ The bold Adenine is the mutated base which is substituted in place of Cytosine. So the codon change from GCG to GAG. GCG codes for Alanine but GAG codes for Glutamic acid. So the amino acid sequence changes. Hence this mutation is missense mutation where a base substitution results in change in amino acid sequence. Mutant 2: 5’ ATGTATGCGCGATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTTT 3’ mRNA sequence: 5’ AUGUAUGCGCGAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’ In this mutation, Cytosine is replace by Thymine and hence the codon changes from UAC to UAU. Both UAC and UAU codon codes for amino acid Tyrosine. So after mutation, the amino acid sequence remains same and hence this mutation is called silent mutation because substitution of a base does not change the amino acid sequence. Mutant 3: 5’ ATGTAGCGCGATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTTTT 3’ mRNA sequence: 5’ AUGUAGCGCGAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’ In this mutation, Cytosine is deleted at the second codon which changes the reading frame of this sequence. SO this mutation is frame shift mutation. When the reading frame is changed, the second codon becomes a stop codon and the amino acid that is coded by the first is Methionine. So protein is not synthesized when this mutation occur. Mutant 4: 5’ ATGTACGCGCGCATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTT 3’ mRNA sequence : 5’ AUGUACGCGCGCAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’ In this mutation, insertion of Cytosine occurs which changes the reading frame. Thus, the mutation is frame shift mutation as this mutation changes the reading frame and hence the amino acid sequence also changes.
summarize these results using concise language in a neat table;
Control :
5’ ATGTACGCGCGATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTTT 3’
This is the coding strand of DNA and hence this DNA sequence is similar to mRNA sequence.
So the mRNA sequence is :
5’ AUGUACGCGCGAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’
Mutant 1:
5’ ATGTACGAGCGATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTTT 3’
mRNA sequence
5’ AUGUACGAGCGAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’
The bold Adenine is the mutated base which is substituted in place of Cytosine. So the codon change from GCG to GAG. GCG codes for Alanine but GAG codes for Glutamic acid. So the amino acid sequence changes. Hence this mutation is missense mutation where a base substitution results in change in amino acid sequence.
Mutant 2:
5’ ATGTATGCGCGATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTTT 3’
mRNA sequence:
5’ AUGUAUGCGCGAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’
In this mutation, Cytosine is replace by Thymine and hence the codon changes from UAC to UAU. Both UAC and UAU codon codes for amino acid Tyrosine. So after mutation, the amino acid sequence remains same and hence this mutation is called silent mutation because substitution of a base does not change the amino acid sequence.
Mutant 3:
5’ ATGTAGCGCGATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTTTT 3’
mRNA sequence:
5’ AUGUAGCGCGAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’
In this mutation, Cytosine is deleted at the second codon which changes the reading frame of this sequence. SO this mutation is frame shift mutation. When the reading frame is changed, the second codon becomes a stop codon and the amino acid that is coded by the first is Methionine. So protein is not synthesized when this mutation occur.
Mutant 4:
5’ ATGTACGCGCGCATCACCATACATCATGGCACCCGCTAGCTATTAACATGTTTTT 3’
mRNA sequence :
5’ AUGUACGCGCGCAUCACCAUACAUCAUGGCACCCGCUAGCUAUUAACAUGUUUUUU 3’
In this mutation, insertion of Cytosine occurs which changes the reading frame. Thus, the mutation is frame shift mutation as this mutation changes the reading frame and hence the amino acid sequence also changes.
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