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- Let R be a commutative ring with characteristic 2. Show that each of the following is true for all x,yR a. (x+y)2=x2+y2 b. (x+y)4=x4+y424. If is a commutative ring and is a fixed element of prove that the setis an ideal of . (The set is called the annihilator of in the ring .)19. Find a specific example of two elements and in a ring such that and .
- 18. Let be a commutative ring with unity, and let be the principal ideal in . Prove that is isomorphic to .44. Consider the set of all matrices of the form, where and are real numbers, with the same rules for addition and multiplication as in. a. Show that is a ring that does not have a unity. b. Show that is not a commutative ring.Given that the set S={[xy0z]|x,y,z} is a ring with respect to matrix addition and multiplication, show that I={[ab00]|a,b} is an ideal of S.