Suppose you do this test on a hypothetical Staphylococcal species with the antibiotics penicillin and tetracycline. You record zone diameters of 20mm for the tetracycline disc and 25mm for the penicillin disc. Which antibiotic would be most effective against this organism? What does this tell you about comparing zone diameters to each other and the importance of the interpretive chart?
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- Suppose you do this test on a hypothetical Staphylococcal species with the antibiotics penicillin and tetracycline. You record zone diameters of 20mm for the tetracycline disc and 25mm for the penicillin disc. Which antibiotic would be most effective against this organism? What does this tell you about comparing zone diameters to each other and the importance of the interpretive chart?
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- Suppose you do this test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with the antibiotics pencilllin (p-10) and chloramphenicol (C30). You record identical zone diameters of 25 mm for the chloramphenicol and penicillin disks. Which antibiotic would be less effective against this organism? Penicillin falls to the left of the resistant zone Penicillin falls to the right of the suceptible zone zone Chlorampenicol falls to the left of the resistant zone Chlorampenicol falls to the right of the suceptible zone none of theseIf you were tasked with developing a treatment plan consisting of the spraying of Btk (Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki). How would you go about this? What would your spray block pattern look like? Describe how you would make this decision.If a bacterial species is not susceptible to an antibacterial drug at the concentration present in a particular disk, does that necessarily mean the species is completely resistant to the drug? Explain your answer. What is the mode of action of bacitracin? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? What is the mode of action of tetracycline? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? Describe how populations of bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics. In your description, use the terms/phrases: mutation, resistant, sensitive, individuals, populations, natural selection, horizontal gene transfer.
- With your tests you now figured out that your patient has a Staphylococcus infection, and you would like to know if the infection is caused by Staphylococcus aureus or by Staphylococcus epidermis. What test can you do next to see if your patient indeed has a Staphylococcus aureus infection? O You can isolate the pathogen from the patient and grow it on a mannitol salt agar. Staphylococcus aureus can ferment mannitol turning the agar plate yellow. Staphylococcus erpidermis cannot ferment mannitol and the agar plate stays red. O You can isolate the pathogen from the patient and grow it on a mannitol salt agar. Staphylococcus epidermis can ferment mannitol turning the agar plate yellow. Staphylococcus aureus cannot ferment mannitol and the agar plate stays red. O There is no way you can distinguish between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus erpidermis O you do a Gram stain. Staphylococcus aureus will stay purple as it is Gram positive and Staphylococcus erpidermis will show up as…Consider the photos here which demonstrate antibiotic sensitivities of Staphylococcus aureus strains as determined by the Kirby-Bauer method. Abbreviations are as follows: C = chloramphenicol; CC = clindamycin; CZ = cefazolin; E = erythromycin; NOR = norfloxacin; OX = oxacillin; P = penicillin; RA = rifampin; SAM = sulbactam-ampicillin; SXT = sulfatrimethoprim; TE = tetracycline; VA = vancomycin. Imagine that only two cellular changes occurred in the original strain (the first image, on the top) that resulted in the resistance pattern of the strain in the second image (on the bottom). Which combination of mechanisms could explainthese results?Choose one or more: A.expression of efflux pumps B.overproduction of PABA C.production of β-lactamase D.altered penicillin-binding protein E.modification of either 50S or 30S ribosomal subunits F.altered DNA gyraseKligler’s iron agar and SIM are multiple test media.a. What physiological characteristic is detected by both of these media? b. What component of both media allows you to detect the preceding characteristic? c. Both media are stabbed but for different reasons. Explain.
- propose a hypothesis regarding the organisms (staphylococcus, escherichia, pseudomonas, and bacillus) that will be resistant to the most disinfectants, and why? if the hypothesis is supported, what specific experimental results will be observed? what would be the independent and dependent variable? zone size, disinfectant type, colony countWhich of the following is FALSE about interpreting the results of normal microbial flora experiment? 1. Blood plates demonstrate the presence of pathogenic Beta Hemolytic Strep 2. There may be Staph specie, fungus and Strep species present 3. The presence of S. aureus could mean you are carrying MRSA 4.Plates with no growth means the individual is very healthy 5.No growth on Sabouraud agar means you are not carrying any yeast on yourSome bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? which option below is the answer? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug’s target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cell
- Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results.A medium was inoculated with 5 * 106 cells/ml of Escherichiacoli cells. Following a 1-h lag, the population grewexponentially for 5 h, after which the population was 5.4 * 109cells/ml. Calculate g and k for this growth experiment.You are working in a lab studying Streptococcus pyogenes as a cause of necrotizing fasciitiis. You have an overnight culture that you want to know the starting concentration of, so do a set of six 1:10 serial dilutions (putting 1 mL from the stock into a 9 mL blank), with tube #1 being 1:10, #2 is 1:100, etc. You plate 0.1 mL from tube 5 onto a blood agar plate and the next morning count 134 colonies. How many bacteria (measured in CFU/mL) were in the overnight culture flask? A. 1.34 x 10^4 CFU/mL B. 1.34 x 10^5 CFU/mL C. 1.34 x 10^6 CFU/mL D. 1.34 x 10^7 CFU/mL E. 1.34 x 10^8 CFU/mL F. cannot tell based on the data given - you'd need to know the volume of the original culture flask