APPENDIXJOrbit, A Planetary Orbit CodeOrbit is a computer program designed to calculate the position of a planet orbiting amassive star (or, alternatively, the orbit of the reduced mass about the center of mass of thesystem). The program is based on Kepler's laws of planetary motion as derived in Chapter 2.References to the relevant equations are given in the comment sections of the code.The user is asked to enter the mass of the parent star (in solar masses), the semimajoraxis of the orbit (in AU), and the eccentricity of the orbit. The user is also asked to enterthe number of time steps desired for the calculation (perhaps 1000 to 100,000) and thefrequency with which the time steps are to be printed to the output file (0rbit.txt). If1000 time steps are specified with a frequency of 10, then 100 evenly spaced (in time) timesteps will be printed.The output file can be imported directly into a graphics or spreadsheet program in order togenerate a graph of the orbit. Note that it may be necessary to delete the header informationin Orbit.txt prior to importing the data columns into the graphics or spreadsheet program.The source code is available in both Fortran 95 and C++ versions. Compiled versions ofthe code are also available.The code may be downloaded from the companion website athttp://www.aw-bc.com/astrophysics.6 The code 0rbit (Appendix J) can be used to generate orbital positions, given the mass ofthe central star, the semimajor axis of the orbit, and the orbital eccentricity. Using Orbit togenerate the data, plot the orbits for three hypothetical objects orbiting our Sun. Assume thatthe semimajor axis of each orbit is 1 AU and that the orbital eccentricities are:(a) 0.0.(b) 0.4.(с) 0.9.Note: Plot all three orbits on a common coordinate system and indicate the principal focus,located at x = 0.0, y = 0.0.

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Plots of the orbits.