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- For each of the following statements about the sympathetic nervous system, state whether it is true or false. Postganglionic neurons can stimulate the heart [Select] Preganglionic nerve fibers originate from the brainstem or from the sacral part of the spinal cord [Select] Preganglionic fibers are relatively long [Select] Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select] Postganglionic neurons can stimulate skeletal muscle [Select] Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select]In the intact salivary gland, the major stimulus for secretion is input from the para sympathic (PS) branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). (There are other inputs, but they are minor.) please answer E2 and E 3 with brief explanation E-2. In these cells, NE can activate either the cAMP pathway or the IP3 pathway. Only one pathway is turned on at any particular time. (Multiple factors influence which pathway is on at any given time.) In this case, NE probably uses (2 different receptors) (2 different G proteins) (only one type of receptor and one G protein) (2 dif. receptors AND 2 dif. G proteins) (either 2 different receptors OR 2 different G proteins) . E-3. In these cells, which neurotransmitter NT(s) should be able to activate calmodulin-dependent enzymes? (NE) (AcCh) (both) (neither) (NE or AcCh but not both) (beats me).The drug epinepherine paduce) eftects alpha and llowing effects of epinephine is ba th adrenergic receptors. which mediated by beta 1 adrenoceptens. the activetion f postsynepti c Answer A-E- A) Bronchodilation Decreae peripheral seristance mydaiasis Đ) Táchycasdis E) Relaxation at uterine Smaath musdeg . of
- Autnomic nervous system use arrows to show whether parasympathetic (p) or syspathic (s) fibers stimulate or inhibit or a dash for no parasympathetic interaction for each of the following construction of blood vessels of skin and abdominal viscera 2, salivation and digestive organ contractions 3,Erection or engorgement of genitalia 4, dilation of bronchioles for easier breathing 5, contraction of bladder and relaxation 6,contractions of arrector pill of hair arrector pill of hair follicles causing goose bumps 7,increase in blood glucose level by pancreatic serection coling with stress fight or fight responseThe term carotid means “to put to sleep,” implying that, if the carotidarteries are occluded for even a short time, the patient can loseconsciousness (go to sleep). The blood supply to the brain is extremelyimportant to brain function. Elimination of this supply for even arelatively short time can result in permanent brain damage because thebrain is dependent on oxidative metabolism and quickly malfunctionsin the absence of oxygen. What is the physiological significance ofarteriosclerosis, which slowly reduces blood flow through the carotidarteries?147 An investigator is examining the effects of various manipulations on the electrical activity in intestinal smooth muscle. The resting changes in membrane potential are shown between points W and X in the figure shown The observed changes in membrane potential are most likely due to which of the following manipulations occurring at points X and Y, respectively? Point X Point Y B) Acetylcholine administration Epinephrine administration Norepinephrine administration Stretching the smooth muscle C) stretching the smooth muscle acetylcholine administration stretching the smooth muscle sympathetic stimulation vagal afferent stimulation E) Sympathetic stimulation. OOOO Membrane potential (mv) -20- -30- -40- -50- -60- -70- 0 in vrr t 10 15 20 Time (sec) 25 30
- What ion/s is/are most likely to have a high conductance through the Jerrionin channel?Explain/Discuss/Describe the following figures.While Jack and Eliza were backpacking on a trail in YellowstonePark, they encountered a grizzly bear cub that seemed amazinglytame. However, while Jack tried to feed the cub, its mother appearedand attacked him. Eliza escaped by climbing a tree, but Jack receivedseveral deep lacerations (cuts) and lost a lot of blood over the nextseveral hours. Eliza helped him reach medical aid, and he survived.Which of the following mechanisms was (were) activated to help keepJack alive? Explain your choice.(1) baroreceptor mechanism(2) CNS ischemic response(3) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism(4) fluid shift mechanism(5) antidiuretic hormone mechanism(6) adrenal medullary responsea. 1,2,3,4,5,6 b. 1,3,4,5,6 c. 1,6 d. 1,4,6 e. 1
- Anisha is preparing for a physiology test and she faces some difficulties in the topic of peripheral nervous system. Help her to complete Tables 1 and 2 in your answer book. Table 1 Comparison between somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system Characteristics Effectors General function Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Effects on target tissues Number of neurons in the efferent pathway Table 2 Comparison between sympathetic division and parasympathetic division Characteristic Origin and site of outflow Relative length of pre- and postganglionic fibers Neurotransmitter Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Physiological functions Myelination ReceptorsWhich of the following best chracterizes a primary hyperaldosteronemic state? Answers to choose: A urine potassium of 35 mmol/d, A urine potassium of 21 mmol/d?, A spot urine test where the sodium levels are greater than potassium levels?, Have long half-lives?, Circulating blood catecholamines are 99% bound to albumin?, Mone of the above accurately describes catecholamines? no references, just homework.The amygdalae are almond shaped structures found near the hippocampus in the brain. The amygdalae are responsible for certain emotions such as fear and can trigger changes in the body in response to these emotions.The amygdalae are regulated by the structure of the brain that controls reasoning and critical thinking.The structure of the brain that regulates the amygdalae and the hormone that is released when the amygdalae sense fear are, respectively: Select one: a. Structure Hormone Parietal lobe Cortisol b. Structure Hormone Frontal lobe Cortisol c. Structure Hormone Frontal lobe Epinephrine d. Structure Hormone Parietal lobe Epinephrine
