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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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- Indicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule. Use the genetic code table and assume that the very first “AUG” the ribosome encounters will serve as the start codon and specify methionine. 5’-AAUUCAUGCCCAAAUUUGGGGCACGAAGCUUCUUAGGCUAGUCCUAAAAAA-3’For the following mRNA sequences, what is the amino acid sequence formed? Consult genetic code table for reference. 5' AGUCCGUAC 3' 5' AAUUGCUUC 3'For each of the following items, fill in either the DNA strand, the MRNA codons, the tRNA anticodons, or the amino acid sequence that have been left blank. If several sequences might work, choose only one. Furthermore, circle the start and the stop codons of each mRNA sequence. 1. DNA (3'-5') ACG TAC GGC CGG TTA AAG CAT ACT TTC TTG MRNA TRNA Amino Acid 2. DNA (3'-5') MRNA AUG ACU AGC UGG GGG UAU UAC UUU UAG AAA TRNA Amino Acid 3. DNA (3'-5') MRNA TRNA GCU CCU UAC CAC ССС CGU AUG GCU GGG AUC Activate Go to Sett Amino Acid
- Using the Genetic Code Table in Figure 1.3, what is the proper sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain based from the given codons of MRNA (3' AAU GCC AGU GGU 5')? * U UUU Phe UCU) UC UCA UCG UAU] UAC Tyr UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp G UGU U UUC) UGC Cys Ser UUA Leu UUGJ CU) CCU CAU1 CGU His CUC CAC CAA CGC CC Leu CCA Pro Arg CUA CGA A Gin CUG) CG CAG CGG G AUU) ACU) AGU AAU1 Asn AAC, Thr AAA1 U AGC }Ser č A G AUC lle ACC A AUA J ACA AGA AUG Met ACG, AAG}Lys AGG Arg GGU GUU) GUC Val GCU) GCC GCA GCG J GAU1 Asp GACI Ala GGC GGA GGG ) G GUA Gly GAA1 GAG) A Glu GUG) G Figure 1.3 Alanine, Serine, Glycine, Asparagine Serine, Glycine, Asparagine, Alanine Glycine, Asparagine, Alanine, Serine Asparagine, Alanine, Serine, GlycineWrite the amino acid for the codons below 5'-AUG UUC CAG CUA GAU GAU AUG CUG GUA AUU GGG GAA CGC GCG CGG UAA-3'Refer to the information on the genetic code. Use this information to determine how many amino acids are coded for by the mRNA sequence AUGCGCAGUCGGUAG. The genetic code Second letter of codon UAU UAC JUU Phenylalanine uCU UUC Phe) UUA Leucine (Leu) UUG Tyrosine (Tyr) GCysteine (Cys) UGC 1oStop codon |UGG Tryptophan (Trp) CGU CGC UcC Serine (Ser) UCA ucc CCU cC Proline (Pro) Stop codon UAG Stop codon CAU Histidine His) CU CUC CUA CUG Arginine (Arg) Leucine (Leu) cca CAA CCA CGA Glutamine (Gin) CAG AUU AUC AUA ACU Isoleucine (le) AAU AAC AGU AGC Asparagine (Asn) Serine (Ser) ACC Threonine (Thr) ACA Methicnine ACC start codon GCU Lysine (Lys) AGA Arginine (Arg) ARC AGS GAU Aspartic acid (Asp)G0 GAC GUU GUC Valine (Val) GCC Alanine (Ab) GG Glycine (Gly GUA GUG GCA GCG GA Glutamic acid (Glu) GA GGG GAG 4 15 First letter of codon Third letter of codon
- The DNA in the coding strand below contains a short imaginary sequence for a short protein in Squibillus notables (imaginary bacterial organism). Indicate the mRNA and amino acid sequences. Label the 5' and 3' ends, the amino (N-terminus) and carboxyl (C-terminus) ends and start/stop codons, if present, as appropriate. 5'- ATGTACCTCGACGATCAAGGCAA -3'a) b) Shown below is a DNA sequence that encodes for a section of a protein. Please write the amino acid sequence using the three letter codes for this section. 5' ATG ACT CTC TCC TGG GGC ATC CGA TAA 3' What would the second codon be changed to if it was both a silent mutation and a transition mutation? Please write an anticodon in 5' to 3' direction that would recognize both the original second codon and the mutated second codon.The BNA sequence below is transcribed from left to right (the partner/coding strand is shown). Using this sequence, write the sequence of the polypeptide that results from this gene. Be sure to appropriately label the ends of the molecule. 5'-ATGCACGGCGACTAG-3' Second letter A UAU Tyr UAC First letter U P с > < A G U UUU UUC Phe UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG L GUU GUC GUA GUG Leu Leu AUU AUC lle AUA AUG Met Val C UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Ser Pro Thr Ala Cys UAA Stop UGA Stop A Trp UAG Stop UGG CAC His CGU J CGC CAA I CGA Gin CAGG CGG AAA 1 AAG Lys UGU UGC AAU Asn AGC} AAC GAC Asp GAA GAGGIU For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS Paragraph V Arial G 1 AGA 1 AGG GGU GGC GGA GGG Arg Ser Arg Gly V DCAG DCA DOA UCAG Third letter 10pt < Av V IX Q ... O WORDS POWERED BY TINY
- An mRNA transcript is listed below and contains both start and termination codons. Assume that the initial methionine will stay on the polypeptide in this case. What amino acid sequence will be specified during translation? List the amino acids. The start codon is highlighted. 5’ – CAGCCAAGCAUGCUCGCAAAUGGACGUUGAUAUUUUGUC – 3’Write the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized from a DNA template strand having the sequence 5'-ATTACAGGCGGT-3' 5'- UAAUGUCCGCCA Incorrect Write the amino acid sequence encoded by the mRNA base sequence 5'-GAGUUAGUUUGUAAGUGC-3' Assume the reading frame starts at the 5' end. Refer to the codon table . Amino acid sequence: Glu-Leu-Val-Cys-Lys-Cys What is the sequence of the polypeptide formed on addition of poly(UUAC) to a cell-free protein-synthesizing system that does not require a start codon? Enter an amino acid sequence of four amino acids using the three-letter abbreviations. Polypeptide sequence: Poly( -3' Glu-Leu-Val-Cys-Lys-CysA mRNA has the following sequence and direction: 5’-AUGUCAACCUAA-3’ What would be the anticodon sequences formed from this mRNA during the translation process?