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- High-temperature superconducting oxides hold great promise in the utility, transportation, and computer industries.(a) One superconductor is La₂₋ₓSrₓCuO4. Calculate the molarmasses of this oxide when x0, x1, and x 0.163.(b) Another common superconducting oxide is made by heatinga mixture of barium carbonate, copper(II) oxide, and yttrium(III)oxide, followed by further heating in O2: 4BaCO₃(s) +6CuO(s) +Y₂O₃(s)2YBa₂Cu₃O₆.₅(s)+ 4CO₂(g)2YBa₂Cu₃O₆.₅s) +1/2O₂(g)→2YBa₂Cu₃O₇(s) When equal masses of the three reactants are heated, which re-actant is limiting?(c) After the product in part (b) is removed, what is the mass per-cent of each reactant in the remaining solid mixture?One of the possible consequences of climate change is anincrease in the temperature of ocean water. The oceansserve as a “sink” for CO2 by dissolving large amounts of it.(a) The figure below shows the solubility of CO2 in water as a function of temperature. Does CO2 behave more or lesssimilarly to other gases in this respect?(b) What are the implications of this figure for the problemof climate change?A fertilizer railroad car carrying 34,300 gallons of commercialaqueous ammonia (30% ammonia by mass)tips over and spills. The density of the aqueous ammoniasolution is 0.88 g>cm3. What mass of citric acid,C(OH21COOH21CH2COOH22, (which contains three acidicprotons) is required to neutralize the spill? 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
- (a) What is the percentage concentration of a 1:10,000 solution of epinephrine HCl (MW 219.20)? (b) If 50 mL of this solution was prepared, what would be the molarity (M)? (c) What is the milligram per deciliter concentration?4.(a) Aqueous 50.5 % (w/w) sodium hydroxide has a density of 1.53 g cm–3. Calculate the concentration of this solution in mol dm–3. (b) What volume of 50.5 % (w/w) aqueous sodium hydroxide is required to prepare 500 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 stock NaOH? [Start with your answer to 4(a)](1) (2) ] A certain species of trout requires dissolved oxygen of 7.5 mg/L. Would it be wise to release the trout in a mountain stream at an altitude with a Po2 = 0.17 atm. (KH (02) = 1.3x10-³ mol/Latm). Calculate the mole fraction for the following: 14.5 g of HNO3 in 150 g of H₂O. (b) moles of Solute kg Solvent X (a) H=1.01 N = 14.00- 50 mm= 63.01 g/mol 03=16.0x3 Imol 14.6g HNO3 63.01g 149 150 g 1000g = 0.15 kg 6.00 M HCI. (notice, concentration is an extensive property. You can assume any volume!) 0.23 mol HNO3 0.16 kg H2O 1.53 = 0.23 mol HNO3
- TYU 4.10 Consider silicon with a phosphorus impurity concentration of N, = 105 cm. Determine the percent of ionized phosphorus atoms at (a) T = 100 K, (b) T = 200 K, (c) T = 300 K, and (d) T = 400 K. [Ans. (a) 93.62%; (b) 99.82%; (c) 99.96%; (d) 99.98%]an ecobotanist separates the components of a tropical barkextract by chromatography. She discovers a large proportion ofquinidine, a dextrorotatory isomer of quinine used for control of arrhythmic heartbeat. Quinidine has two basic nitrogens (K(b1)=4.0X10⁻⁶ and K(b2)=1.0X10⁻¹⁰). To measure theconcentration, she carries out a titration. Because of the low solubility of quinidine, she first protonates both nitrogens withexcess HCl and titrates the acidified solution with standardized base. A 33.85-mg sample of quinidine (M=324.41g/mol) isacidified with 6.55 mL of 0.150 MHCl.(c) What is the pH at the first equivalence point?An ecobotanist separates the components of a tropical barkextract by chromatography. She discovers a large proportion ofquinidine, a dextrorotatory isomer of quinine used for control of arrhythmic heartbeat. Quinidine has two basic nitrogens (K(b1)=4.0X10⁻⁶ and K(b2)=1.0X10⁻¹⁰). To measure theconcentration, she carries out a titration. Because of the low solubility of quinidine, she first protonates both nitrogens withexcess HCl and titrates the acidified solution with standardized base. A 33.85-mg sample of quinidine (M=324.41g/mol) isacidified with 6.55 mL of 0.150 MHCl.(a) How many milliliters of 0.0133 MNaOH are needed to titrate the excess HCl?(b) How many additional milliliters of titrant are needed to reach the first equivalence point of quinidine dihydrochloride?(c) What is the pH at the first equivalence point?
- The thermal and mechanical processing of materials is an important step in ensuring that they have the appropriate physical properties for their intended application. Suppose a metallic element undergoes a phase transit ion in which its crystal structure changes from cubic close-packed to bodycentredcubic. (a) Does it become more or less dense? (b) By what factor does its density change?A 0.250M solution of Na2C2O4 is to be used in a reaction in which C2O-24 will be oxidized to CO2. What is the normality of Na2C2O4.(a) In 20 or less of yourown words define the term “leachate”and describe how it forms. (b) Previous records had shown that to prevent acute toxicity to organisms, the maximum mass of CdSO4 that should be allowed into the landfill was determined to be 0.1 kg. This was calculated using a standard concentration of Cd in mg/L where the volume of the leachate pond was used as 500 000L. (i) Provide the name of the CdSO4 compound. State the oxidation number of Cd in this compound (ii) You need to ensure that the concentration used to determine the mass of Cd allowed in the landfill, meets the current regulatory standard. Assuming that previous calculations determined that all of the CdSO4 would be deposited in the leachate pond, what standard concentration of Cd in mg/L was used to determine the maximum mass of allowable CdSO4?