The ions that most contribute to the voltage properties of the neuronal membrane are: chloride, which is positively charged; sodium, which is negatively charged; and anions, which are positively charged. calcium, which is negatively charged; potassium, which is positively charged; and sodium, which is positively charged. potassium, which is positively charged; sodium, which is positively charged; and chloride, which is negatively charged. potassium, which is positively charged; sodium, which is negatively charged; and chloride, which is negatively charged.

The ions that most contribute to the voltage properties of the neuronal membrane are: chloride, which is positively charged; sodium, which is negatively charged; and anions, which are positively charged. calcium, which is negatively charged; potassium, which is positively charged; and sodium, which is positively charged. potassium, which is positively charged; sodium, which is positively charged; and chloride, which is negatively charged. potassium, which is positively charged; sodium, which is negatively charged; and chloride, which is negatively charged.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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An action potential is regarded as an example of positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential? Voltage gated potassium ion channels open slowly and remain open long enough to cause hyperpolarization The sodium potassium pump consistently moves ions as long as ATP is available, and regardless of membrane potential changes. A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarization by opening still more voltage gated sodium ion channels along the axon.
Some have compared the "all or none" action potential to flushing a toilet. The relative refractory period (when the water level in the tank is below what it is at rest ) is set by: the opening of the voltage gated sodium channels O the inactivation of voltage gated potassium channels the opening of voltage gated potassium channels the inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels
The membrane potential caused by differences in ions across the plasma membrane of an electrically excitable cell (when not stimulated) is called: action potential resting membrane potential graded potential local potential
The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle cell is quite small, but there are many species of fish that use multiple action potentials in series to produce significant voltages. The electric organs in these fish are composed of specialized disk-shaped cells called electrocytes. The cell at rest has the usual potential difference between the inside and the outside, but the net potential difference across the cell is zero. An electrocyte is connected to nerve fibers that initially trigger a depolarization in one side of the cell but not the other. For the very short time of this depolarization, there is a net potential difference across the cell, as shown. Stacks of these cells connected in series can produce a large total voltage. Each stack can produce a small current; for more total current, more stacks are needed, connected in parallel. In an electric eel, each electrocyte can develop a voltage of 150 mV for a short time. For a total voltage of 450 V, how many electrocytes must…
Which of the following describes a threshold potential? A brief reversal of the charge difference across a neuron's plasma membrane The membrane potential at which voltage-gated sodium channels in a neuron axon open, causing an action potential The membrane potential of a neuron at rest
The above depolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents? a potassium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport Na+ ions out of the cytoplasm a potassium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport Na+ ions into the cytoplasm
When a neurotransmitter binds with receptors at the membrane, it may cause sodium channels to open. An inflow of sodium causes the membrane to partially depolarize and become less negatively charged. For example, the voltage might change from -70 mV to -65 mV. This partial depolarization of the dendrites and cell body acts as: an EPSP, exciting the cell and increasing the likelihood of action potentials. an IPSP, inhibiting the cell and reducing the likelihood of action potentials. none of these options; depolarization has no excitatory or inhibitory effect on a neuron. both an EPSP and and IPSP.
If the neuron is stimulated such that its membrane potential changes to 50 mV, what is the sign of the driving force for Cl- ions and in which direction will these ions move across the membrane? Positive driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Positive driving force; Cl- moves out of the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves into the cell Negative driving force; Cl- moves out of the cell
The rising phase of the action potential is due to: Na+ influx through voltage-gated Na+ channels. Na+ efflux through voltage-gated Na+ channels. K+ influx through voltage-gated K+ channels. K* efflux through voltage-gated K+ channels. O Na+ influx through Na+ leak channels. Na efflux through Na+ leak channels. K+ influx through K+ leak channels. O K+ efflux through K+ leak channels.
Some have compared the "all or none" action potential to flushing a toilet. The absolute refractory period (when no amount of pressing the lever will produce another flush) is set by: the inactivation of voltage gated potassium channels the inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels the opening of voltage gated sodium channels the inactivation of voltage gated chloride channels
Which ions are important in transmitting information along the axon of a neuron? Ca2+ and Zn2+ Na+ and K+ Mg2+ and H+ Fe3+
The above repolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents? a potassium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport Na+ ions out of the cytoplasm a potassium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport Na+ ions into the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm