The thin-walled pressure vessel shown was fabricated using a spiral seam. The inner diameter is 1.5m, the wall thickness is 10mm, and its supports cause an axial torque T = 100kN.m. If the internal pressure is p = 400 kPa find the normal and shear stress components on the outer surface of the vessel at A in the given xy-coordinate plane and sketch them on a plane element. Construct Mohr's circle for the these stresses at A and use it to find normal stress perpendicular to the seam at A. Assuming that the normal stress in the radial (z) direction is zero, what is the absolute maximum shear stress on the outer surface of the vessel wall?
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
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