There is a difference between the cancer pathology and a predisposition to developing cancer pathology. Use your understanding of foundational concepts to distinguish between predisposition and active pathology. Then, explain why only one of the above conditions
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Question-
There is a difference between the cancer pathology and a predisposition to developing cancer pathology. Use your understanding of
foundational concepts to distinguish between predisposition and active pathology. Then, explain why only one of the above conditions is
passed on from parent to offspring. (Be sure to identify which is passed.)
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Out of these 8 hallmarks ( sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, deregulating cellular energetics and metabolism, and avoiding immune destruction). Rank them from least important to most for cancer development. Explain in 2-3 sentences how.What is meant by the "two-hit" model of cancer development? Describe this theory in detail and explain why this makes sense with the observation that cancer is typically seen in people who are >60 years of age.Explain the following statements in 4-6 lines Multi-step tumor progression helps to explain familial polyposis.
- Both genes and environmental factors contribute to cancer. Prostatecancer is 39 times more common among people from Utah than amongpeople from Shanghai (see Table 23.2). Briefly outline how you mightdetermine whether these differences in the incidence of prostate cancerare due to differences in the genetic makeup of the two populations or todifferences in their environments.Surgery remains a mainstay in the treatment of many forms of cancer, but it is no longer used in diagnosis due to the risks associated with surgery and improved nonsurgical diagnostic methods. True FalseBoth genes and environmental factors contribute to cancer. Prostate cancer is 39 times more common among people from Utah than among people from Shanghai. Briefly outline how you might determine whether these differences in the incidence of prostate cancer are due to differences in the genetic makeup of the two populations or to differences in their environments.
- A small fraction—2 to 3%—of all cancers, acrossmany subtypes, displays a quite remarkable phenome-non: tens to hundreds of rearrangements that primarilyinvolve a single chromosome, or chromosomal region.The breakpoints can be tightly clustered, with several in afew kilobases; the junctions of the rearrangements ofteninvolve segments of DNA that were not originally closetogether on the chromosome. The copy number of varioussegments within the rearranged chromosome was foundto be either zero, indicating deletion, or one, indicatingretention.You can imagine two ways in which such multi-ple, localized rearrangements might happen: a progressiverearrangements model with ongoing inversions, deletions,and duplications involving a localized area, or a cata-strophic model in which the chromosome is shattered intofragments that are stitched back together in random orderby nonhomologous end joining (Figure Q20–2).A. Which of the two models in Figure Q20–2 accountsmore readily for the features of…A 6-year old Caucasian girl from northern Europe, with a family history of melanoma, has recently relocated with her family to a small town near Brisbane, Australia. Discuss the environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that could determine the girl’s susceptibility to cancer. Include in your answer how these factors can produce chromosomal or genetic alterations and the genetic steps that would result in metastatic melanoma, focusing on the classes of cancer genes involved in these processesTo determine : The number of chromosomes in the HeLa cell. Concept introduction: HeLa cell is the oldest and commonly used cell line that was derived from the cervical cancer cells. HeLa cells differ from the normal cells in many ways. These cells have the ability to contaminate other cell lines. These cells have furthered the understanding of cancer, HIV and the cells in general. It is still used widely to grow viruses and to test anti-tumor medicines.
- Which of the following represents the correct order of steps leading to the development of malignant cancer?a. dysplasia . . . hyperplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . metastasis and/or invasionb. hyperplasia . . . dysplasia . . . metastasis and/or invasion . . . in situ cancerc. dysplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . hyperplasia . . . metastasis and/or invasiond. hyperplasia . . . dysplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . metastasis and/or invasionQuestion 1. Describe and explain the epidemiological evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.. Question 2. Describe and explain the genetic evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.Despite all that we know about cancer today, some types of cancers are still increasing in frequency. Lung cancer among nonsmoking women is one of these. What reason(s) might there be for this increasing problem?
