up to 1.) possibi (7.)The genotype of F, individuals in a tetrahybrid cross is AaBbCcDd. Assuming independent assortment of these four genes, what are the probabilities that F, offspring will have the following genotypes? (a) aabbccdd (b) AaBbCcDd (d) AaBBccDd (е) AаBBCСdd (c) AABBCCDD
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- 2. Compare an autohexaploid and an allohexaploid to each other with respect to the characteristics listed below. Answer auto, allo, both or neither for each statement. (2) a) Forms univalents, bivalents or multivalents during synapsis. b) Originated from 3 different ancestral diploid species. c) Contains 6 homologous copies of every chromosome. d) Forms bivalents during synapsis.97 Assume that the trihybrid cross MM SS tt X mm ss TT is made in a plant species in which Mand S are dom- inant but there is no dominance between T and t. Consider the F2 progeny from this cross, and assume independent assortment. (a) How many phenotypic classes are expected? (b) What is the probability of genotype MM SS t? obib (c) What proportion would be expected to be 15 2nod bolleo homozygous for all genes? ablla Insninmobo.(om4. a) Female swamp wallabies have 5 pairs of homologous chromosomes. Based on this al one, how many genetically different gametes can be produced by this animal? b) is through independent assortment. At what stage of meiosis One way that genetic diversity of gametes is produced does this occur? c) meiosis which further increases the genetic diversity of gametes. Describe both the process and at what stage of meiosis it occurs. Explain an additional process that occurs during
- Name: 2. Some ladybugs have 10 black spots on their shells and some have 4. When true breeding 10 spot individuals are crossed with true breeding 4 spot individuals, the offspring have 7 spots. a. Propose two distinct explanations for this finding. Explain the nature of spot inheritance in each case. D. rew bacteria erred them figure above would of14N7 then ely 2 moldon omrod abitqaq ratlsmmem sge of delw toiisoibom s s neu not oomod aid to soubnup ogusl onomod odi to slevel ismon oouborg o o consu ud od souboini bluow uoy dairlw yd za00oq sdi mialex b. Propose an experiment that would distinguish between these possibilities. sor proieins2. Let's assume you did a dihybrid cross of homozygous dpy-5 hermaphrodites and homozygous him-5 males. You let the F1 hermaphrodites to self-fertilize and collected the F2 progeny. What are the ratios of the following genotypes among all the F2 progeny? In the table below, "dpy-5" or "him-5" indicates the mutant allele and the plus sign "+" indicates wildtype allele. The slash "/" separates two alleles of the same locus. The semicolon "," separates different chromosomes. Use words or any type of diagrams that we learned in the class to show your work. Genotype dpy-5/dpy-5; him-5/him-5 dpy-5/+; him-5/him-5 +/+; him-5/him-5 dpy-5/dpy-5; him-5/+ dpy-5/+; him-5/+ +/+; him-5/+ dpy-5/dpy-5; +/+ dpy-5/+; ++ +/+; +/+; Ratio I(b) The genotype of F1 individuals in a tetrahybrid cross is AaBbCcDd. Assuming independent assortment of these 4 genes what are the probabilities that F2 offspring will have the following genotypes? (i) AABBCCDD (ii) AaBBccDd (c) If the quantity of DNA in a cell at G1 of the cell cycle is 5 picograms (pg); what will the quantity of DNA in that cell be at G2 phase of the cell cycle? Give reason
- 5. T.) a. Choose the figure (A or B) where nondisjunction occurs in Meiosis I. b. Explain specifically why you chose this figure. (XX) (X) (X) DOO X Meiosis I Meiosis II (4 pts) Pangolins have 19 pairs of chromosomes. hat is the O B (XX) (XX) Meiosis I 28 201 OOOO Meiosis II10. What phenotypes are expected and in what proportion from each of the following n crosses? (Assume D, G and Ware dominant over d, g and w, respectively.) 31 (a) DdGGww x DDGgWw how bon (b) ddggWw x DdGgww HD: (c) DdGgWw x DdggWw (d) DdGgWW x DdGgWW baildhalos 6 am bunjid-roloos (d) nomow sof bemam nam lemona (0) namnow beild-oloss of bemem nem tarono [b) int euogyson M 11. Radishes can be long, round or oval in shape. They may be red, white or purple in color. A long red variety was crossed with a round white variety. In the F₁ generation, all were oval purple. In the F2 generation, there were 8 long red, 15 long purple, 17 oval red, 31 oval purple, 7 long white, 15 oval white, 8 round red, 16 round purple and 9 round white. Explain the genetic basis of these results. hot tmsidorss endohes barlastis bed terftet ben hemouth bra (Jisi edohss srillo sonsmedni Snem ar to gaylonog ori ai fer msil) ov fa cisiv lemon diw be (!) 12. In shorthorn cattle, the allele for red coat color (R) is…Asap
- Indicate the percentage of tetrads that would have 0,1, 2, 3, or 4 viable spores after Saccharomycescerevisiae a / α diploids of the following genotypesare sporulated:a. A true-breeding wild-type strain (with no mutations in any gene essential for viability).b. A strain heterozygous for a null (completely inactivating) mutation in a single essential gene.For the remaining parts of this problem, considercrosses between yeast strains of the form a × b, wherea and b are both temperature-sensitive mutations indifferent essential genes. The cross is conducted under permissive (low-temperature) conditions. Indicatethe percentage of tetrads that would have 0, 1, 2, 3, or4 viable spores subsequently measured under restrictive (high-temperature) conditions.c. a and b are unlinked, and both are 0 m.u. from thecentromere.d. a and b are unlinked; a is 0 m.u. from the centromere, while b is 10 m.u. from the centromere.e. a and b are 0 m.u. apart.f. a and b are 10 m.u. apart. Assume all…1. Let's take the example of the gray kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) whose ploidy is 8 and the sexual determinism of this species is carried out according to the XY mode. From a male kangaroo: a) Draw the karyotype of this individual, obtained by stopping division at metaphase. Your drawing should include: a. All maternal and paternal chromosomes involved (different colors) b. An example of autosome and heterochromosome c. An example of homologous chromosome, sister chromatid and centromere. d. The total number of chromosomes in a metaphase kangaroo cell. e. A sentence to explain the difference between the terms gene and allele that might apply to this species.13. In humans, red-green color blindness is recessive to normal sight. The gene for this trait is carried on the X chromosome (remember, Y is genetically inert). In each of the d following, give all types of offspring and their expected ratios: 2917039 (a) a colorblind man married to a heterozygous normal-sighted woman; pel (b) a color-blind man married to a homozygous normal-sighted woman; (c) a normal man married to a woman heterozygous for color blindness; wwpobos (d) a normal man married to a color-blind woman. b pla (O Who gedal 2010 QxWWSLO (5) tonaviy uwepod. Deba 44 ka, bal be