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- The relationship between predator and prey populations has been studied by computer simulation using equations which form part of a mathematical model devised by Lotka and Volterra. The data in Table 6.10 show the results of such a simulation when the prey population begins with 20 individuals and the predator population begins with six individuals. 1.Explain why the peaks in the predator population occur after those in the prey population. 2. This simulation assumes one prey species and one predator species in an imaginary ecosystem and is based on mathematical equations. Why is it likely to be too simplistic to describe accurately what happens in nature?The Atlantic cod population is of primary economic importance to fishingcommunities throughout the maritime provinces in Canada. Unfortunately, thispopulation has underwent an extreme collapse in recent years due to overfishing.Some argue, however, that the collapse of the cod population may actually beattributed to an increase in the population of harp seals, a known predator ofcod. One suggestion to help cod stocks recover is therefore to permit the huntingof harp seals on a large scale. Suggest and explain one potentially negativeconsequence of limiting the harp seal population.Whichof the following factors can stabilize predator-prey relationships by providinga prey refuge?a.An area of prey habitat where predators cannot enterb.An area of prey habitat that is isolated and difficult for predators tofindc.The occurrence of prey in numbers too large for predators to attackeffectivelyd.The ability of prey to grow to a size invulnerable to predatione.All of the choices apply.
- Part A: A population of 100 Asian elephants exhibits logistic growth. If the carrying capacity is 500 elephants and theper capita growth rate is 0.1 individuals/(individuals × year), what is the maximum population growth rate forthe population? part b: Based on the above question, what is the maximum population growth rate for the population if we assumedthe elephants were undergoing exponential growth?What if we were able to restore some critical salmon habitat, like the forests surrounding the spawning streams? To test this restoration, increase K to 40,000 fish. What would that do to the MSY value? [ Select ] Does this mean you would be able to harvest more or less fish? [ Select ]b. The graph below shows the population size changes of two animals over an 90-year span. Study the graph and then answer the questions which follow: Hare-Lynx Data 180 160 140 120 100 Hare 80 Lynx 60 40 20 1845 1855 1865 1875 1885 1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 Year a. In what year was the prey population at its highest? b. i. What was the carrying capacity of the habitat for the predator population in 1855? ii. Compare the carrying capacities for both populations and explain why there is a difference. c. Suggest one factor, other than the presence of prey, that may afieot the size of the predator population. d. The graph shows a predator-prey relationship that is based th a temperate climate. Identify one such relationship that exists: i. On a coral reef: ii. In a Barbadian garden: (spuesnoup ui) JaqunN
- spend midday resting in any available shade. If they and dle. Trees and bushes are scarce in many parts of the island, so shade is often scarce too. Are the sun and the sh density dependent or density independent factors? (Try to find the priority information here, there are some distractor Think about your definitions for the words below.) A. density dependent B. density independent 13. Which of the following statements is correct? A. Population size of predators increases when their prey's population is low. B. Competition for resources is density-independent when food is plentiful. C. Discase is density-dependent because spreading occurs more easily when a population is closer together. D. A change in average temperature is a density-dependent factor because fewer organisms can acclimate to variations in temperature. Base your answers to questlons 14 16 on the Information below and on your knowledge of blologv. Unless actions are taken to slow the decline of domesticated honeybees…The lotka-volterra equation that describes rate of change in the predator population doesn't include intrisic rate for predators. How does it accomodate for growth in predators if the rate is missing?Upland game hunters in Illinois have been noticing a decrease in therabbit and pheasant populations over the past five years. They havelobbied the Department of Natural Resources and the statelegislature to allow them to shoot red-tailed hawks, one of therabbit’s and pheasant’s main predators. Explain why shooting hawkswill not ultimately solve the problem of a decreased rabbit andpheasant population
- Lake Winnipeg is a shallow lake composed of two basins: a wide north basin and a narrow southbasin that provides a habitat for over 50 different species of fish. Each of the statements belowinvolves a situation that will affect the growth of a population. Classify each of the statements asDD (density dependent) or DI (density independent) and give a reason for your choice.1. Rainbow smelt and yellow perch attempt to occupy the same area. The more aggressive smeltsurvive; the perch do not. __________________________________________________2. A severe flood brings a lot of sediment and silt into Lake Winnipeg. The turbidity of the lakeincreases greatly. ________________________________________________________3. Since northern pike prey on yellow perch, an increase in the perch population causes anincrease in the pike population. _______________________________________________4. Many fish die due to an increase in water…Draw and label graphs (including zero-growth isoclines) showing the predicted behavior of the Lotka-Volterra predator/prey equations if we assume prey growth follows and exponential growth model. Show how the graphs would change of the prey follow a logistic growth model.The table below shows the size of species A and B populations that live on a small island near Philippine.a) State how the information in the table can be used to determine thatthe species B is the predator.b) Briefly explain TWO (2) possible ecological reasons, other than humanactivity, for the change in species A population between 1985 and 1990.c) Name TWO (2)limiting factors that keep the species B population sizefrom growing any larger.