Q: Describe the extracellular matrix of the tissue whose photomicrograph is shown below: a…
A: Extra cellular matrix can be best defined as the ground substance that is laid outside the cells of…
Q: List and define the two general types of tumor.
A: KEY WORDS :- Tumor - It is a cancerous mass or lump caused by abnormal division of cells. It can be…
Q: What is meant by the "two-hit" model of cancer development? Describe this theory in detail and…
A: Two-hit hypothesis : The "two-hit" hypothesis or model was first proposed by geneticist Alfred…
Q: side from cancer, what are other diseases and abnormalities in living organisms?
A: Disease is a condition in which there is suffering not only physically but also mentally. A disease…
Q: Describe how tumors are diagnosed.
A: An abnormal mass of tissue that forms once cells grow and divide quite they {should|they ought…
Q: A. List and explain some (2-3) control mechanisms of the body in order to prevent abnormalities and…
A: Q A. List and explain some (2-3) control mechanisms of the body in order to prevent abnormalities…
Q: Provide in your own words what cancer is, your answer should include the loss of normal control…
A: All the cells undergo differentiation and regeneration in order to grow and develop. They follow a…
Q: Why are tumors difficult to treat with drugs?
A: p53 is a gene that makes a protein which is present in the nucleus of a cell regulates the cell…
Q: Distinguish between atrophy, necrosis, and apoptosis, and describe a circumstance under which each…
A: The event of the biological ceasing of a cell to carry out its functions is called cell death. This…
Q: When an invasive cancer occurs? A. When genetic mutation occurs in a cell B. Cells are abnormal…
A: * Invasive cancer means a cancer which was grown past the original tissue where it developed and…
Q: Distinguish between a familial and a sporadic cancer
A: Cancer is a disease which is characterized by abnormal cells growth with a potential to invade and…
Q: explain the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
A: Tumors are unwanted and extra growth of cells.
Q: What are the functions and the possible effects when the cells are damaged or injured of muscle…
A: Cells are known as some tiny packets which consists of minute warehouses, their factories, power…
Q: Which cell type(s) below are associated with lysis of tumor cells?
A: Which cell type(s) below are associated with lysis of tumor cells? Answer. Neutrophils
Q: Describe some hallmarks of malignant cells.
A: Malignant is a term that is often used interchangeably with a medical condition termed Cancer. It is…
Q: Describe the roles of calcium in the cell, and the mechanisms that the cell uses to control…
A: Calcium is a vital nutrient that aids in the mineralization of the skeleton. Over 99 percent of the…
Q: 10. (a) How are malignant neoplastic cells/ tissues different from normal cells/ apoptosis tissues?…
A: Introduction: Neoplastic cells are the cells which abnormally forms a mass of tissue and do not die…
Q: Explain how cancer cells change and evolve during the development of cancer.
A: Cancer cells are cells that have gone awry, meaning they are no longer responsive to many of the…
Q: Describe the seven hallmarks of cancer i) List the seven hallmarks ii) Connect each hallmark to…
A: Weinberg and Hanahan gave 6 of the hallmarks of cancer in 2000 and then added 4 additional hallmarks…
Q: What are the Changes that enable a tumor to grow and to invade distant tissues?
A: Cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by the cluster of cells that has the ability to…
Q: What is the status of tissue engineering and stem cell reseaech in the Philippines. DESCRIBE THE…
A: According to a 2003 survey it was reported that most of the medical doctors in Philippine choose to…
Q: (a) How does the duplication of individual genes occur? (b) individual that inherit a genetic…
A: Mutation in the DNA can change our genetic material that can causes changes in our phenotype as…
Q: Explain what is meant by the “normalization window” for treatment of cancer with antiangiogenic…
A: A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation and apoptosis. When normal cells have…
Q: Describe the underlying causes of epigenetic changes associated with cancer.
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: In 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services added alcoholic beverages to its list of…
A: Cancer refers to large number of diseases that are characterized by the development of abnormal…
Q: Describe and connect five different outcomes that could occur due to the loss of FMRP function in…
A: The FMRP protein is made using instructions from the FMR1 gene. The brain, testes, and ovaries are…
Q: scribe the factors affecting of apoptosis?
A: Apoptosis is programmed death mediated by various caspases that pack cell contents into little…
Q: Describe how the cellular juctions and the extracellular matrix may lead to the formation of cancer
A: Cancer is a large term for a variety of disorders characterized by the uncontrollable division of…
Q: B) If a tumor-promoting mutation in the gene that codes for Kinase A generates an always active…
A: There are two types of functional mutations. 1) gain of function mutations 2) loss of function…
Q: In your own words, what is angiogenesis and what is the importance of this process in cancer…
A: The creation of new blood vessels is known as angiogenesis. Endothelial cells, which cover the…
Q: Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from…
A: Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of genes that relate cell cycle regulation to…
Q: Identify at least three dietary components that may be associated with cancer risk and explain how…
A: Cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It is also known as malignancy. This…
Q: How would our understanding of this regulation affect cancer prognosis and treatment?
A: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex developmental process that allows cancer…
Q: Part A and B A. What are the Hallmarks of Cancer? A) Criteria that are used to identify tumors in…
A: The hallmarks of cancer are the biological capabilities that are required during the development of…
Q: Carina is a 15-year-old girl who presents with acute-onset skin eruptions on her face. A punch…
A: Dense Connective Tissue: Dense Connective Tissue is a term used to describe a type of connective…
Q: B. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. Which part of the cell controls cell activities and transmits hereditary…
A: The term cell is derived from the Latin word cellulae which means empty room. If an organism is made…
Q: Compare the characteristics of highly proliferating normal cells (including cells of the hair…
A: Cancer cells have abnormal membranes, cytoskeletal proteins, and morphology, and they proliferate…
Q: Which component of cell division machinery is frequently targeted by anti-cancer drugs? Can you…
A: INTRODUCTION Cancerous tumors are characterized by uncontrolled cell division, which is absent in…
Q: Define and Cancer ,differentiate between a benign tumor and amalignant tumor, using examples.
A: Cancer is also known as malignancy and it is a disease in which abnormal growth of cells takes place…
Q: What is the importance of understanding the structures and functions of molecules involved in the…
A: By knowing and understanding the basics about cancer and following the recommended guidelines for…
Q: What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? What is the disadvantage of this…
A: TUMOR- A tumor is a lump or growth of cells that is abnormal. A tumor can sometimes be made up of…
Q: Describe genetic changes found in cancer cells and how these changes lead to alterations in cell…
A: Introduction Cancer is a condition in which some cells in the body grow out of control and spread to…
A. What are the 4 key signalling cues communicated within a cell to regulate cellular behaviour.
B. How are these signalling cues abnormal in cancerous cells?
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- . Please explain the role of Ubiquitin Ligase Activity in the regulation of apoptotic cell death.What is inflammation? Describe the main characteristics of inflammation. What characterizes chronic inflammatory disorders? What is the role of NFkB in inflammation and cancer? What are the mechanisms and strategies to inhibit excessive and chronic inflammation? answer should be one page longb. Individuals with these cancers may be treated with one of the following chemotherapeutic drugs. Complete the table below about their mechanisms of action. In which cellular compartment/ structure/organelle does this process occur? Drug Drug's mechanism of action Which process is targeted first by this drug? If more than 1 location, be sure to specify ALL relevant locations. (replication, mitosis, transcription, translation, or none of the above)? A Inhibits microtubule disassembly В Inhibits elongation by RNA polymerase Inhibits eukaryotic ribosomal function D
- Tissues and differentiation: a) Explain what is meant by determination and differentiation b) Explain the difference between an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the development of cancera. Describe the importance of Wee1, Myt1, CAK and cdc25 activity on the activation of the cyclin B/CDK1 complex. b. Explain the effect of DNA damage on activation of the cyclin B/CDK1 complex and cell cycle progression.D. What is the best term for a normal INK gene? (tumor suppressor) (inactive tumor suppressor) (oncogene) (proto-oncogene) (oncogene or tumor suppressor) (beats me). E. Suppose you have cells that have permanently active ink protein as in C. The cells also have permanently active E2F or permanently active ras. (Consult texts or handouts for roles of E2F and ras.) E-1. If your cells have active E2F and active ink, then your cells should (grow normally) (fail to grow) grow uncontrollably) (can't predict). E-2. If your cells have active ras and active ink, then your cells should (grow normally) (fail to grow) grow uncontrollably) (can't predict).
- Which component of cell division machinery is frequently targeted by anti-cancer drugs? Can you explain the common side-effects of chemotherapy (e.g. hair loss, mucositis) based on this information?Jurkat cells are an immortalized line of human T-lymphocytes cells that are used to study acute T cell leukemia. K562 cells were the first human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line to be established. Resting= control, Etoposide= drug. Below is shown the results of floweytometry of untreated and treated cells.Tissues and differentiation a)Explain what is meant by termination and differentiation ).b) Explain the difference between an oncogenic and a tumour suppressor gene and describe how they are involved in the onset of cancer
- Understand how a cancer cell from a primary benign tumor is able to leave the primary benign tumor and enter the blood stream or lymph (migration), start to adhere and grow in a nearby environment like a blood vessel near an organ (invasion) and enter into a new organ to grow and form a secondary tumor ( extravasation). What proteins would be involved in these steps and what molecular changes in the ECM or basal lamina would need to occur as well as the cancer cell for this process to happen.a. A typical cellular response of a mammary epithelial cell to EGF signal is proliferation. the Kd for the interaction between EGF and its receptor is 1x10^-10 M. Lets imagine that at least 25% of the receptors on a normal cell must be engaged by EGD in order to trigger the cellular proliferation response. What minimum concentration of EGF is required to reduce cell proliferation? (Show calculation). b. Mammary epithelial cancer cells have amplified levels of EGF receptors on their surface. If such a cell has 1000 EGF receptors, as compared to 200 receptors on a normal cell, what minimum concentration of EGF is required to induce cell proliferation in the cancer cell? [Show calculation]. Note that the same number of receptors (not percentage of receptors) must be activated to promote proliferation in normal cells and cancer cell. c. The ambient (unstimulated) concentration of EGF in mammary epithelial tissue is 1x10^-11 M. Will this level of EGF stimulate proliferation in normal…Describe genetic changes found in cancer cells and how these changes lead to alterations in cell behavior.