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- An aqueous sample is known to contain either Mg2+ or Ba2+ ions. Treatment of the sample with Na2CO3 produces a precipitate, but treatment with ammonium sulfate does not. Use the solubility rules (see Table 4.1) to determine which cation is present.You mix 25.0 mL of 0.234-M FeCl3 solution with 42.5 mL of 0.453-M NaOH. Calculate the maximum mass, in grams, of Fe(OH)3 that will precipitate. Determine which reactant is in excess. Calculate the concentration of the excess reactant remaining in solution after the maximum mass of Fe(OH)3 has precipitated.Magnesium metal (a component of alloys used in aircraft and a reducing agent used in the production of uranium, titanium, and other active metals) is isolated from sea water by the following sequence of reactions: Mg2+(aq)+Ca(OH)2(aq)Mg(OH)2(s)+Ca2+(aq)Mg(OH)2(s)+2HCl(aq)MgCl2(s)+2H2O(l)MgCl2(l)electrolysisMg(s)+Cl2+Cl2(g) Sea water has a density of 1.026 g/cm3 and contains 1272 parts per million of magnesium a5 Mg2+(aq) by mass. What mass, in kilograms, of Ca(OH)2; is required to precipitate 99.9% of the magnesium in 1.00103 L of sea water?
- A 300.0-g sample of a solid is made up of a uniform mixture of NaNO3, MgCl2, and BaCl2. A 100.0-g sample of the mixture is dissolved in water and treated with an excess of KOH. The precipitate from the reaction has a mass of 13.47 g. The remaining 200.0-g sample is also dissolved in water and treated with an aqueous solution of AgNO3. The resulting precipitate has a mass of 195.8 g. What are the masses of NaNO3, MgCl2, and BaCl2 in the 300.0-g sample?42. a. Fill in the following table as if it is a well plate and you are mixing two aqueous compounds at a time to see if a precipitate forms. If a precipitate is expected to form, indicate that by writing the correct formula for the precipitate in the corresponding box in the table. If no precipitate is expected to form, write “NO” in the box. CaCI2 Pb(NO3)2 (NH4)3PO4 Na2CO3 AgNO3 K2SO4 b. How do you prepare 300.0 mL of a 0.250 M CaCl2 solution using an available 2(X) M solution? Support your answer with calculations, but also make sure you describe how to prepare the solution.On the basis of the general solubility rules given in Table 4.1, predict the identity of the precipitate that forms when the following aqueous solutions are mixed. If no precipitate forms, indicate which rules apply.
- Write the overall equation (including the physical states), the complete ionic equation, and the net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide and magnesium chloride. What mass of solid forms on mixing 50.0 mL of 3.30 M sodium hydroxide with 35.0 mL of 1.00 M magnesium chloride?The Behavior of Substances in Water Part 1: a Ammonia, NH3, is a weak electrolyte. It forms ions in solution by reacting with water molecules to form the ammonium ion and hydroxide ion. Write the balanced chemical reaction for this process, including state symbols. b From everyday experience you are probably aware that table sugar (sucrose), C12H22O11, is soluble in water. When sucrose dissolves in water, it doesnt form ions through any reaction with water. It just dissolves without forming ions, so it is a nonelectrolyte. Write the chemical equation for the dissolving of sucrose in water. c Both NH3 and C12H22O11 are soluble molecular compounds, yet they behave differently in aqueous solution. Briefly explain why one is a weak electrolyte and the other is a nonelectrolyte. d Hydrochloric acid, HCl, is a molecular compound that is a strong electrolyte. Write the chemical reaction of HCl with water. e Compare the ammonia reaction with that of hydrochloric acid. Why are both of these substances considered electrolytes? f Explain why HCl is a strong electrolyte and ammonia is a weak electrolyte. g Classify each of the following substances as either ionic or molecular. KCl NH3 CO2 MgBr2 HCl Ca(OH)2 PbS HC2H3O2 h For those compounds above that you classified as ionic, use the solubility rules to determine which are soluble. i The majority of ionic substances are solids at room temperature. Describe what you would observe if you placed a soluble ionic compound and an insoluble ionic compound in separate beakers of water. j Write the chemical equation(s), including state symbols, for what happens when each soluble ionic compound that you identified above is placed in water. Are these substances reacting with water when they are added to water? k How would you classify the soluble ionic compounds: strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte? Explain your answer. l Sodium chloride, NaCl, is a strong electrolyte, as is hydroiodic acid, HI. Write the chemical equations for what happens when these substances are added to water. m Are NaCl and HI strong electrolytes because they have similar behavior in aqueous solution? If not, describe, using words and equations, the different chemical process that takes place in each case. Part 2: You have two hypothetical molecular compounds, AX and AY. AX is a strong electrolyte and AY is a weak electrolyte. The compounds undergo the following chemical reactions when added to water. AX(aq)+H2O(l)AH2O+(aq)+X(aq)AY(aq)+H2O(l)AH2O+(aq)+Y(aq) a Explain how the relative amounts of AX(aq) and AY(aq) would compare if you had a beaker of water with AX and a beaker of water with AY. b How would the relative amounts of X(aq) and Y(aq) in the two beakers compare? Be sure to explain your answer.One method for determining the purity of aspirin (C9H8O4) is to hydrolyze it with NaOH solution and then to titrate the remaining NaOH. The reaction of aspirin with NaOH is as follows: A sample of aspirin with a mass of 1.427 g was boiled in 50.00 mL of 0.500 M NaOH. After the solution was cooled, it took 31.92 mL of 0.289 M HCl to titrate the excess NaOH. Calculate the purity of the aspirin. What indicator should be used for this titration? Why?
- On Easter Sunday, April 3, 1983, nitric acid spilled from a tank car near downtown Denver, Colorado. The spill was neutralized with sodium carbonate: 2HNO3(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)2NaNO3(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) a. Calculate H for this reaction. Approximately 2.0 104 gal nitric acid was spilled. Assume that the acid was an aqueous solution containing 70.0% HNO3 by mass with a density of 1.42 glcm3. What mass of sodium carbonate was required for complete neutralization of the spill, and what quantity of heat was evolved? (Hf for NaNO3(aq) = 467 kJ/mol) b. According to The Denver Post for April 4, 1983, authorities feared that dangerous air pollution might occur during the neutralization. Considering the magnitude of H, what was their major concern?Describe in words how you would prepare pure crystalline AgCl and NaNO3 from solid AgNO3 and solid NaCl.Many plants are poisonous because their stems and leaves contain oxalic acid H2C2O4, or sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4. When ingested, these substances cause swelling of the respiratory tract and suffocation. A standard analysis for determining the amount of oxalate ion, C2O42 in a sample is to precipitate this species as calcium oxalate, which is insoluble in water. Write die net ionic equation for the reaction between sodium oxalate and calcium chloride. CaCl2, in aqueous solution.