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- The macula densa is/are: a. present in the renal medulla. b. dense tissue present in the outer layer of the kidney. c. cells present in the DCT and collecting tubules. d. present in blood capillaries.Manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome include: a. low blood lipids O b. low serum albumin O c. dehydration d. uremiaDescribe the clinical features of urethritis. a. What are the major causes of urethritis? For the infectious causes, describe the biology, virulence, and laboratory identification (include culture and biochemical tests) of the pathogens. b. Are all infectious causes of urethritis sexually transmitted? If not, what are the other modes of transmission?
- Which of the following conditions most commonly causes acute glomerulonephritis? A. A congenital condition leading to renal dysfunction. B. Prior infection with group A Streptococcus within the past 10-14 days. C. Viral infection of the glomeruli. D. Nephrotic syndrome.What is cystitis?Describe i) the cause of ii)signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections. Why does it tend to affect women more than men? Give the name ofbthe drug that is most commonly used to treat cystitis. ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Give definition of "cystitis" Type of infection (i.e. causative agent) and how it gets into the body. Description of symptoms i.e. UTI symptoms Women more risk of cystitis - i.e. explain position and length of urethra. Identify drug treatment and route of administrationLabel the picture below: 1. The region of the kidney which contains the glomerular capsules and the convoluted tubules is the 2. The region of the kidney which contains the nephron loops and the collecting ducts is the : 3. The filtrate is formed by the process of : 4. Describe the roles of the thin and thick segments of nephron loops in water reabsorption: 5. Compare the composition of plasma to the glomerular filtrate.
- When kidney function is lost, various changes can occur in the body. Which of the following is NOT commonly observed in patients with kidney failure? Multiple Choice 1. High serum concentration of phosphate 2. Hypocalcemia 3. Anemia 4. Edema (swelling of the body from excess water and Na) 5. High serum concentration of HCO3-Akhmad Sikoyev is a 12-year-old boy who has endstage renal disease (ESRD). He has been on dialysis for some time. He is a good candidate for kidney transplantation. His parents are anxious and want the transplantation performed now. He is their only child. 1. What are the risks? 2. Does the fact that Akhmad is an only child affecthis ability to have a transplantation? Explain. 3. How long will Akhmad have to wait for a kidney transplantation? 4. Medicare covers kidney dialysis, but not transplantation. How might surgery be financed?Select the medication class(es) that has/have evidence for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease. a. ARBS b. SGLT2 inhibitors C. Thiazide diuretics Od. Loop diuretics
- Eczema in patients is often treated with: A. Antibiotics B. Corticosteroids C. Antihypertensives D. DiureticsState two conditions that are often associated with higher rates of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in females. What is the reason for this?Which of the following is/are true concerning kidney structure? a. The 'hilum' is the concave part of the kidney through which everything entering or leaving the kidney goes b. The kidney is surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule c. Urine collects in the renal sinus d. The renal medulla contains the renal corpuscles e. Each kidney contains about a million nephrons