While proper filtration technique showed the location of the dye, it did not explain the process by which the dye moved to that location. Provide evidence that the dye moved to that location by active transport and not by simple diffusion.
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My Biology Lab conducted an experiment that focused on the Active Transport of Yeast. Please anser the folowing question:
- While proper filtration technique showed the location of the dye, it did not explain the process by which the dye moved to that location. Provide evidence that the dye moved to that location by active transport and not by simple diffusion.
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- Discuss the differences between living and killed yeast cells transport across membranes.The following image shows part of counting chamber you used to estimate cell viability for yeast cells. If the dilution factor you used was 1:200, and the total sample volume was 5 ml, then calculate the cell viability, the cell density and the total cell.Discuss the differences between living and killed yeast cells.
- A clinical microbiologist is studying a microbe that can cause infections and gastrointestinal disease in humans, and which can also survive and reproduce in mice. A dormant cyst form of the microbe infects human hosts through fecal-oral transmission if they come in contact with mouse droppings and don’t wash their hands before eating. The organism grows in long filaments when grown at 20-28 deg C, and forms round/ovoid cells when grown at temperatures above 28 deg C. Sexual reproduction (fusion of haploid gametes) occurs in both humans and mice. A cell wall is present, and cells contain nuclei. This microbe could be which of the following? Bacterium Fungus Virus ProtozoanIn a reproduction of an experiment famously performed by Louis Pasteur, you cultured yeast in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic growth) and measured (1) the rate of cell division, (2) the rate of glucose consumption, and (3) the intracellular ATP:ADP ratio. You then moved the cells to an incubator containing normal atmosphere (i.e., 21% oxygen), completed a second set of measurements, and made the following observations: The rate of cell division increased considerably after the addition of oxygen (aerobic growth) Glucose consumption dropped dramatically after the addition of oxygen Intracellular ATP:ADP ratios increased significantly (from 2:1 in the absence of oxygen to 10:1 in the presence of oxygen) Explain how the mitochondria in the yeast contribute to the dramatic drop in glucose utilization and increase in ATP concentrations in the presence of oxygen.Numerous mechanisms are used by the different eukaryotic microbes for cellular locomotion. Please discuss at least 4 of these mechanisms for locomotion utilized by these cells for movement through their microenvironments. Be sure to state the specific organism (name drop please) that you are referring to and how this locomotion mechanism is used by the cell and by microbiologist for classifying microbial cells.
- Mammalian cell cultures often are used for experimentation. The cell culture medium typically is supplemented with penicillin to prevent bacterial contamination of the cell line. However, researchers know that this antibiotic will not prevent Mycoplasma growth. Explain why penicillin does not protect the culture from Mycoplasma contamination.Examples of inclusion bodies in bacterial cytoplasm are _____________ and _____________ .You have run tests on a new centrifuge to determine the flow rate at which yeast cells break through into the clarified liquid stream. This value was measured as 10 L/min. The yeast were previously found to settle at 100 µm/s in a lab centrifuge operated at 500 g. What is the Σ value of this new centrifuge?
- Why might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.If the diameter of the field of view in your microscope is 2 mm under low power, and one Bacillus cell is 2 µm long, how many Bacillus cells would it take to reach all the way across this field of view? If yeast cells measure 10 µm in length, how many yeast cells would it take to reach across this same field of view?In the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions: a) Outer cellular covering which includes: Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm. c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…