Why do you think it is necessary for there to be variation in a population in order for evolution by natural selection to occur? 2. Why is it necessary for traits to be inherited for evolution to take place? 3. If a population is already well adapted to its environment, will most mutations be helpful or harmful? Explain.

Why do you think it is necessary for there to be variation in a population in order for evolution by natural selection to occur? 2. Why is it necessary for traits to be inherited for evolution to take place? 3. If a population is already well adapted to its environment, will most mutations be helpful or harmful? Explain.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21QP

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1. THE PROCESS BY WHICH ORGANISMS CHANGE OVER TIME IS KNOWN AS 2. THE PROCESS WHEREBY ORGANISMS THAT ARE BETTER ADAPTED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT TEND TO SURVIVE AND PRODUCE MORE OFFSPRING IS KNOWN AS 3. WHO DEVELOPED THE THEORY OF USE AND DISUSE? 4. WHICH THEORISTS SUGGESTED THAT ORGANISMS CAN "ACQUIRE" THE TRAITS NEEDED TO SURVIVE DURING A LIFE TIME? 5. WHICH THEORISTS SUGGESTED THAT ORGANISMS WITH BETTER TRAITS CAN SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE TO PASS THOSE FAVORABLE TRAITS TO THEIR OFFSPRING? 6. GENETIC VARIATION WAS A MAJOR FACTOR IN WHOSE THEORY? 7. "SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST" WAS COINED BY WHO?
1. Fitness is, most correctly, a technical term. What does it mean? What two things do you suppose govern the rate of evolution by natural selection? Explain how Darwinian evolution can decrease and increase the frequency of an allele (or a more complex heritable trait, for that matter).
1. How do we measure and define evolution? 2. Evolution occurs: 1. at the level of the individual. 2. in traits. 3. in a single generation. 4. only at the phenotypic level. 3. The only source of entirely new genetic material is: 1. natural selection. 2. mutation. 3. recombination. 4. genetic drift. 4. Which of the following is not a key component of natural selection? 1. Traits for strength and vitality are favored over other traits. 2. Random variation exists for every trait in a population. 3. There will always be competition for resources. 4. Those with advantageous traits will outreproduce others. 5. The founder effect is a specific type of: 1. gene flow. 2. meiosis. 3. genetic drift. 4. mutation. 6. When a substantial amount of genetic variation is lost, we call it a: 1. genetic die-off. 2. gene flow. 3. genetic bottleneck. 4. gene dam. 7. When two previously isolated populations begin interbreeding and exchanging genes, we call it: 1. genetic drift. 2. founder effect. 3. incest.…
1.Describe the ways that gene number or gene position on a chromosome, might be altered? What implications might that have on evolution? 2.What are the conditions that must be met for a population to stay in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What happens if these conditions are not met? 3.What type of selection would most likely benefit heterozygous individuals and which will result in a population losing alleles: directional, disruptive, or stabilizing? Explain. 4.How might frequency dependent selection and the heterozygote advantage help maintain multiple alleles in a population? 5.Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection. Include terms like "excess reproduction, genetically distinct offspring, changing allele frequencies, and adaptive traits".
1. Do you think it is important to understand evolution? List three different ways that evolution may affect personally in people's lifetime. 2. Do you agree or disagree and why?
1.) Natural Selection: Of the three genotypes (AA, Aa, and aa), which of the three genotypes will be selected for under the current conditions? In other words, which of the three genotypes will increase in frequency? What if medical science were able to hold off the effects of AIDS for indefinite periods of time so that it became common for people with AIDS to live long enough and well enough to have children. What would this do to the frequency of the resistance allele and the incidence of AIDS? Support your answer. 2.) Even though anti-HIV drugs may prevent evolution towards resistance, can you justify not using anti-HIV drugs if they are available? Your response should consider scientific and ethical perspectives.
2. What is the role of variation in evolution – if heterozygosity is reduced, what happens to the potential for evolution? The phenotype (and genotype) of a population is due to a "mosaic" of random and directed processes. Some of these have to do with history; some are related to adaptation, etc. As completely as possible, discuss the role of chance and direction in evolution and in determining the phenotype of a population.
1. Definitions of phenotype, genotype, allele, gene, microevolution, macroevolution 2. Know that in humans, most of the genetic variation is observed within populations, and know why that is. 3. Know the 4 processes of evolution (3 neutral + natural selection) 4. Know that evolution isn't progressive and doesn't necessarily lead to more complexity 5. Know that evolution can lead to traits that decrease survival (ex: sexual selection)
1. Fitness is most correctly a technical term. What does it mean? What two things do you suppose govern the rate of evolution by natural selection? Explain how the Darwanian evolution can decrease and increase the frequency of an allele( or a more complex heritable trait, for that matter).
1. Which among the following is NOT a principle of natural selection? a. The genes produced are a combination of the surviving and less favorable species b. The characteristics of organisms are inherited or passed from parent to offspring. c. Offspring vary among each other about their characteristics, and those variations are inherited d.More offspring are produced than can survive 2. Which of the following information is FALSE about the development of evolutionary thought? a. In his essay on the Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus predicts that the human population will grow faster than space and food supplies needed to sustain it. b. Charles Darwin set sail on the HMS. Beagle, a voyage that would provide him with evidence that leads to his theory of evolution. c. In the second and final volume of Principles of Geology, Alfred Wallace explained that processes occurring now had shaped Earth's geological features over a long time. d.…
1.Who was Darwin? 2.What did Darwin do to contribute to evolutionary theory? 3.What is natural selection and how does it work? 4.Define the following: ■ Variation: ■ Heritability: ■ Overproduction: ■ Reproductive Advantage:
12. Which can bring new traits to a population and why? 1. natural selection - because it increases the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time 2. natural selection and mutation because both increase the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time 3. mutation - because it increases the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time 4. natural selection and mutation because both make new alleles 5. natural selection - because it makes new alleles 6. mutation - because it makes new alleles