Why is the assumption that the network and all its elements are hostile a key tenet of the Zero Trust Architecture? Discuss the concept that the Zero Trust approach assumes that all Networks are "Hostile" and "Dangerous” at all times.
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- Scenario 2 An organization dedicated to reducing spam tries to get Internet service providers (ISPS) in an East Asian country to stop the spammers by protecting their mail servers. When this effort is unsuccessful, the anti-spam organization puts the addresses of these ISPS on its "black list." Many ISPS in the United States consult the black list and refuse to accept email from the blacklisted ISPS. This action has two results. First, the amount of spam received by the typical email user in the United States drops by 25 percent. Second, tens of thousands of innocent computer users in the East Asian country are unable to send email to friends and business associates in the United States. Questions 1. Did the anti-spam organization do anything wrong? 2. Did the ISPS that refused to accept email from the black listed ISPS do anything wrong? 3. Who benefited from the organization's action? 4. Who was hurt by the organization's action? 5. Could the organization have achieved its goals…A,B,C or D Which statement best describes zero trust? a. Zero trust is not a product that you can buy; it is a set of principles that promotes the elimination of implicit trust in security controls b. Zero trust can provide 100% protection against data breaches and ransomware c. Zero trust can be achieved by deploying a Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) solution d. Zero trust is a new security framework that requires you to abandon all of your existing security controls and start from scratch.The issues of authentication and access in IT security need to be investigated. Access and Authentication in Information Security should be examined. A57
- c) You are in charge of designing a secure Internet Banking System. While designing the system, you need to consider several aspects of information security, such as: i) user authentication, ii) bank server authentication, iii) distribution of the public key (if using an asymmetric cipher), iv) distribution of the symmetric key (if using a symmetric cipher), v) confidentiality of the communication between the user and the bank server, vi) integrity of the communication between the user and the bank server, vii) non-repudiation. To address these design goals, you may need to use a combination of different types of cryptographic/security primitives. Symmetric Asymmetric Message authentication Digital encryption signatures exchange Hash Public key Key Digital Certificate Ciphers functions cades (MAC) Stream Block ciphers ciphers Figure 3: Basic cryptographic building blocks Select appropriate primitives that you propose to address each of the above security goals and provide necessary…What is the meaning of this Classes of Vulnerabilities & Threats Vulnerabilities refer to design or operational weaknesses that allow the system to be potentially compromised by an attacker. Analogously, a threat reflects the potential or likelihood of an attacker causing damage or compromising the system. Furthermore, security is an end-to-end systems property. Consequently, the vulnerabilities for a distributed system are broadly grouped based on the functional blocks therein defining the operational chain of distributed systems. Logically, this operational chain also constitutes the threat/attack surface for the systems where an attacker/adversary can exploit a vulnerability to compromise the system. At a high level, the attack surface relates to the compromises of the physical resources, the communication schema, the coordination mechanisms, the provided services themselves and also the usage policies on the data underlying the services3. Access control is one of the security approaches that enable an organization to restrict access of its group of users to information or tangible assets. a) Explain any TWO (2) the importance of access control implementation in an organization. b) Describe THREE (3) principles required to apply the access control. c) By considering Uniec Campus System, why a different group of users such as student and lecturer are assigned with different access rights to the same information such as coursework?
- Q3 Three major concerns of computer system and network builders and users are dis- aster, security, and human error. Natural disaster, such as flood, may severely pose great threat to the infrastructure. Cyber security has never been so challenging, even now with most expensive protection programme, any reputable consultant won't guarantee it from any breach. The last but not least, human errors from the internal computer network users also may create major headaches for a chief information officer. (а) Propose ONE (1) course of action to at least mitigate each listed threat below from happening, towards more sustainable computer security and system operation; i) Sudden flooding ii) External hacking iii) Internal sabotageA hypothetical scenario where the management of login credentials is necessary could be a large corporation that has multiple departments and employees with varying levels of access to sensitive information. In order to maintain security and prevent unauthorised access, the company would need to implement a system for managing login credentials. This would involve assigning unique usernames and passwords to each employee, as well as establishing protocols for resetting passwords and revoking access when necessary. Additionally, the company may choose to implement two-factor authentication or other security measures to further protect sensitive data. Identify and analyse the different authentication techniques that are currently accessible. Is the utilisation of a password mandatory in all instances?Q1 A computer virus can be characterized by the following three bits: A= if it tries to access secured information by wrong username and password B= if it tries to delete secured file without notifying the user C= if it does not response to the virus threat protection system Complete truth table of the above computer virus and implement with necessary gates
- Which concept is a legitimate paradigm of zero trust? a. Aim network defenses at wide perimeters exclusively O b. Implicit trust is granted weekly to systems that are inside the physical perimeter c. Enable authentication of a user automatically on the condition that the user's device is authenticated d. Access to data resources is granted when the resource is requiredSuppose Charlie had installed key logger software on all company computer systems and had made a copy of Peter's encryption key. Suppose that Charlie had this done without policy authority and without anyone's knowledge, including Peter's. Would the use of such a tool be an ethical violation on Charlie's part? Is it illegal? Suppose that Charlie had implemented the key logger with the knowledge and approval of senior company executives, and that every employee had signed a release that acknowledged the company can record all information entered on the company systems. Two days after Peter's call, Charlie calls back to give Peter his key: "We got lucky and cracked it early." Charlie says this to preserve Peter's illusion of privacy. Is such a "little white lie" an ethical action on Charlie's part?7. Enumerate the critical characteristics of information. * Enter your answer