With respect to the genes that guide development of the embryo (developmental regulatory genes), fill in the missing word(s) in the following statements Hint: Knowledge from lecture material will guide your answer Cell signaling molecules operate at the cell surface whereas transcription factors carry out their function within the of the cell • Transcription factors operate by binding to Cell signaling molecules operate by binding to Binding of signaling molecules at the cell surface leads to a series of changes inside responding cells resulting in a change in leading to cellular differentiation.

With respect to the genes that guide development of the embryo (developmental regulatory genes), fill in the missing word(s) in the following statements Hint: Knowledge from lecture material will guide your answer Cell signaling molecules operate at the cell surface whereas transcription factors carry out their function within the of the cell • Transcription factors operate by binding to Cell signaling molecules operate by binding to Binding of signaling molecules at the cell surface leads to a series of changes inside responding cells resulting in a change in leading to cellular differentiation.

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5RQ: What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell? The molecules...

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WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties oflife emerge at the biological level of the cell. The highly regulated process of apoptosis is not simply the destruction of acell; it is also an emergent property. Write a short essay (about100–150 words) that briefly explains the role of apoptosis inthe development and proper functioning of an animal, and describe how this form of programmed cell death is a process thatemerges from the orderly integration of signaling pathways.
What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell? The molecules bind to the extracellular domain. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic inferior of the plasma membrane. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.
Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib? Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response. The downstream cellular response. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.
There is now significant evidence to support the existence of cytoneme-mediated delivery of signaling ligands. What is their mechanism of action, and what is the relevance of this discovery to embryonic development?
Which of the following small GTP-binding proteins does NOT play a role in cell migration during chemotaxis? O Cap Z Rho Cdc42 O All of the listed GTPases play a role in cell migration O Rac ◆ Previous
Place the steps below in the correct order as they would occur within a signal transduction pathway. Drag and drop options into correct order and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ♥ An inactive signal transduction molecule is activated. A transcription factor enters the nucleus. An active signal transduction molecule binds a transcription factor. A gene is expressed. A receptor undergoes a conformational change. A ligand binds to a receptor. [3 Fuls Your answer II II II II II
Which of the following signaling pathways use conventional molecular activation cascades (signaling cascades) to induce changes in gene transcription? These pathways involve sequential activation of multiple molecules in the cytosol before a final effector protein can translocate to the nucleus. Choose all that apply. O Cytokine receptors signaling pathway O TGF-B signaling pathway RTK signaling pathway O Notch/Delta signaling pathway Wnt signaling pathway
27) Fill in the blanks Cells adjacent to one another frequently communicate through Other forms of cell-cell communication through In extracellular signaling ligand-receptor interaction induce; 28) Cell-to-cell communication by extracellular signaling usually involves six steps , sort the below given steps according to happening order; Removal of the signal, which usually terminates the cellular response – degradation of ligand- A change in cellular metabolism, function, or development CELLULAR RESPONSE triggered by the receptor-ligand complex – specific to the ligand-receptor complex Release of the signaling molecule by the signaling cell Transport of the signal to the target cell Synthesis of the signaling molecule by the signaling cell Detection of the signal by a specific receptor protein (receptor-ligand specificity 29) Polyethylene can be obtained in two different forms. High-density polyethylene (0.94 g/cm3) is a linear polymer. Low-density polyethylene (0.92 g/cm3) is a…
Rous Sarcoma Virus can cause cancer in infected cells. The tumor causing nature of the virus is linked to it harbouring a gene that codes for a unique receptor tyrasine kinase (RTK). What is it about the tyrosine kinase that accounts for the tumor-causing nature of the virus? O It is unrelated to any human kinase and thus is able to act uncontrollably in causing cell division. O It cantain activate downstream effectors without binding to a SH2 domain. O It lacks the carboxy-terminal regulatory domain that is present in RTKS of non-cancerous cells.
13 of 16 STAT proteins signal in a manner that is uncommon for signaling proteins that carry out similar functions in cell signaling because STAT proteins O are transcriptional regulators that are regulated by second messengers are transcriptional regulators that are directly activated by binding the primary signal molecule are transcriptional regulators that are activated at the plasma membrane of the cell are transcriptional regulators that also are heterotrimeric G-proteins O are transcription regulators that function entirely at the plasma membrane of the cell
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A brain scan of an epileptic patient shows that the patient has clusters of neuronal cell bodies positioned in posterior periventricular zọne. A likely cause of this mislocalization could be a mutation in some repulsive guidance molecules in the extracellular matrix. a mutation in the Sonic Hedgehog factor which inactivates its function. O a mutation in the reelin protein at the marginal zone during development. O a defect in neuroepithelial cell mitotic process. a mutation in an astrocytes plasma membrane protein.