Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 3P
a. NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD + to NADP+ . How many reducing equivalents are involved in this reaction?
b. How many reducing equivalents are involved in the conversion of ferric ion to ferrous ion?
c. How many reducing equivalents are involved in reducing one molecule of oxygen gas to water?
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(a) NAD+ kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of NAD* to
NADP+. How many reducing equivalents are involved in this reaction?
(b) How many reducing equivalents are involved in the conversion
of ferric to ferrous ion?
(c) How many reducing equivalents are involved in reducing one
molecule of oxygen gas to water?
A.What is the Result of the sodium potassium ATPase activity in the cell?
B.What mechanism does the sodium potassium ATPase use to achieve this result?
C. Why is the above-mentioned change in affinity critical for the sodium potassium ATPase to perform its function?
The muscle enzyme lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction NADH and NAD+ are the reduced and oxidized forms, respectively, of the coenzyme NAD. Solutions of NADH, but not NAD+, absorb light at 340 nm. This property is used to determine the concentration of NADH in solution by measuring spectrophotometrically the amount of light absorbed at 340 nm by the solution. Explain how these properties of NADH can be used to design a quantitative assay for lactate dehydrogenase.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
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- Interested in studying ethanol fermentation, you prepare two solutions of yeast extract that contains the cytosolic contents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. You add glucose to both extracts at time zero, but to one (in red) you also add inorganic phosphate (added in two batches). Using a gas sensor, you monitor the CO2 generated by the two solutions over time and obtain the following data: a. Why is more CO2 generated upon the addition of phosphate? b. You become worried that the flasks would burst open to the build up in gas pressure. What other molecules could you add to the extract to slow down CO2 generation even in the presence of glucose and Pi?arrow_forwarda.Write the balanced reactions catalyzed by complex I, II, III, and 1V, and using these, write the balanced net reaction for the electron transport chain. Structures are not necessary. b. Write the balanced reaction for the ATP synthase reaction. c. Write the net reaction for Oxidative phosphorylation showing the ATP produced from NADH oxidation and FADH2 oxidation. (this is in your text) d. Write the balanced reaction for ATP production by aerobic metabolism starting with glucose.arrow_forwardDuring cellular respiration, approximately 34 ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose. a. How Many ATP are made during glycolysis? b. How many ATP/GTP are made during the Citric Acid Cycle? c. How many are made during oxidative phosphorylation? d. If you recall electrons from FADH2 pump less proton than electrons from NADH, This is because Complex II does not pump electrons. Because of this FADH2 leads to the production of less ATP, 1 FADH2 produces about 1.5 ATPs Given this value how many ATP are NADH electrons worth? Please answer all parts with good explanationarrow_forward
- 1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?arrow_forwardDiscuss the relationship between redox potentials E0’ and the organization of the components of the electron transport chain. Be specific, i.e., use data/actual values to back up your discussion. a) What are the values of E0’ for all the components of the ETS? b)How are the E0’ related to ∆G values? c) How do the values of E0’ vary among the participants in the ETS relative to their position in the ETS?arrow_forwardThe mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of cell viability. Think about mitochondrial function and decide which of these statements best describes the mitochondrial membrane potential. a.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the outer mitochondrial membrane b.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the outer mitochondrial membrane c.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane d.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membranearrow_forward
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