Developmental biology

Many animals have the ability to restore their tissue after injury. Among the most fascinating vertebrate models are newts and axololts, which can regenerate their entire appendages. This intricately regulated process is mediated by the formation of the blastema. While much has been learned about limb regeneration in the past decades, several underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. A recent study by Sandoval-Guzman and colleagues has shed light on the regeneration of muscle in such salamander

MSCs are a heterogeneous subgroup of stromal stem cells. According to International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) in 2007, they have three unique features: 1. They are non-hematopoietic multi-potential cells with selfrenewality and can differentiate into different types of mesodermic, ectodermic and endodermic tissues, especially bone, fat and cartilage. 2. They are fibroblastic or spindle-shaped in culture media and adhere to the culture vessel. 3. CD73, CD90 and CD105 are expressed in more

In Medical diagnosis, through Magnetic Resonance Images, Robustness and accuracy of the Prediction algorithms are very important, because the result is crucial for treatment of Patients. A brain tumor is a cluster of abnormal cells growing in the brain. It may occur in any person at almost any age. It may even change from one treatment session to the next but its effects may not be the same for each person. Brain tumors appear at any location, in different image intensities, can have a variety of

In the last few years, researchers have made great progress in efforts to treat this disease. Common treatments include the use of creams, makeup, and surgery. Creams work to mainly reduce any possible inflammation and some brands even claim that their creams can restore one’s original color. However, many of the advertised creams turn out to have little to no effect and some tend to have side-effects that can result in burns or rashes. Alternatives for cream-based products include getting either

VME 6602 Assignment #11 A critical area of concern for gynecologists, obstetricians, and other reproductive health officials is how to reduce the exposure to toxic environmental agents to both the mother and developing fetus. Exposure to these chemicals is ubiquitious and the long lasting effects on the reproductive health throughout an individuals life span, which is evident when exposure occurs prior to conception and during fetal gestation. Patient exposure to manufacture and use of industrial

Research has shown that studying stem cells has provided possibilities for treating neurological disorders. Scientists have performed studies that have allowed blind patients to gain vision again and have also discovered that sustaining the blood-brain barrier could help in diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Many people find stem cell research unhealthy because of the pain women go through when donating. However, stem cell research has advanced people's knowledge tremendously when it comes to

1.3.1 Pluripotent cells for toxicology (relevant cells relevant species) In 1981, ESCs were firstly developed from isolation of mouse blastocytes (PMID: 7242681), then human ESCs were derived in 1998 (PMID: 9804556). Subsequently, the derivation of human ESC line did not only raise critical ethical, religious, and political controversies, but also had scientific limitation. To circumvent these concerns, suggested the derivation of iPSCs which seemed to be a promising and great alternative though

3D cultures of iPSC-derived neural cells: An alternative form of a ‘brain on a chip’ is achieved through combinations of brain cells combined to produce a simplistic 3D model comprising neurons, glia, and if possible, a blood brain barrier (BBB, discussed in more detail later) [12, 14, 15, 31]. Such models can obviously be formed using animal cells as well as human, but as mentioned above, the development of human iPSC-derived neurons and glia from patients and controls is driving the use of these

You have recently discovered a drug or invented a treatment that will cure cancer. In addition to your scientific achievement, that would be one of the greatest business opportunities in your life. Consider that you could not get a patent right for your discovery. Apart from some award and prize money for your achievement, how much money could you earn from your upcoming cancer drug production business? How much of that potential income would you have to give up because you could not get a patent

). The use of pluripotent cells, allow researchers to conduct drug testing in a wide range of cell types. Thus, improving outcomes for patients with many neurological diseases. The loss of neurons and glial cells cause neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Current major therapies focus on oral medications, in the case of Parkinson’s disease, L-dopa, and dopamine receptor agonists, in addition to deep-brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus. Furthermore