Messenger RNA

There are three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a gene segment of DNA which ultimately contains the information on the primary sequence of amino acids in a protein to be synthesized. The genetic codes is translated is for mRNA, not DNA. The messenger RNA carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. It also carries the genetic information copied from the DNA in the form of a series of three-base code

expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

RNA interference pathways play an integral role in the silencing of gene expressions, predominately by destroying specific targeted molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA). Messenger RNA are single- stranded RNA molecules which move from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm, while sending and receiving genetic information from DNA via ribosomes, to where the specific amino acid sequence of the protein involved in gene expression is located, as the article, “Messenger RNA - Glossary Entry” explains

RNA contains a ribose sugar. The major structural distinction between RNA and DNA is the presence of a hydroxyl group in the ribose sugar. Transcription is the process by DNA is copied to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two steps, first, pre-messenger is formed, with the involvement of RNA polymerase enzymes. The pre- messenger then edited to produce the desired mRNA molecule. Transcription

Replication essay Transcription is a process in which information in a strand of DNA is copied to a new molecule of messenger RNA. DNA stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells. RNA is a copy of the original DNA material but is not used for long term storage and is free to exit the nucleus. Although it is not an exact copy of the DNA segment. Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and proteins called transcription factors. Newly formed mRNA copies of genes serve as blueprints

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNA, usually 17-25 nucleotides long that are able to bind complementary sequences of target messenger RNA (mRNA) and to induce both their degradation and translational repression (Fortunato, et al 2014). They are one of the most significant classes of non-coding RNA molecules (eg. small interfering RNA (siRNA) and ribozymes) that act within the cell. MiRNAs are also evolutionary conserved in different species from plants to humans and are encoded by their respective

Heterogeneous ribonucleic proteins (HNRNPs) are a family of RNA binding proteins that play a key role in various metabolic functions of RNA. There are roughly twenty major hnRNPs which are readily found in large quantities in the nucleus and in some cases in the cytoplasm. hnRNPs are expressed throughout all tissues at different levels depending on the hnRNP (Kamma et al. 1994). hnRNP metabolic roles include polyadanilation, shuttling mRNA out of the nuclear envelope, telomere biogenesis and localization

The signaling pathways that control stem cell fate have received considerable attention from the scientific community in the hope that these pathways can be harnessed to treat diseases 1. Chemical genetics, the use of small biologically-active compounds to study a biological system, has proven especially useful for studying these signaling pathways. The chemical genetic approach is advantageous because small molecules grant experimenters remarkably precise control over the degree of perturbation2

ZnT3 mRNA were observed in the PFC albeit with a trend towards decreased protein levels in ZnD rats. (Fig…..It will really make sense if the figures are included because I can’t really make out which figure you are referring to here and if this is RNA or protein you are talking about). Unlike in the PFC, ZnT1 protein level was significantly increased in the Hp with other zinc transporter protein levels remaining unchanged in ZnD rats. It is noteworthy to mention that mRNAs of all the ZnTs were significantly

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) (EC 2.3.1.5) are a family of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes that acetylate primary hydrazine and arylamine xenobiotics in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In humans, there are two closely related isoenzymes, NAT1 and NAT2. Both of their genes are located at chromosome 8p22 with 87% nucleotide sequence identity (1). NAT2 is primarily limited to the liver and gastrointestinal tract but still attracted most interest because of its ability to acetylate various drugs