Quaternary ammonium cation

The main for the purpose of this study was to find out about the tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes towards quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC). The antibacterial effects of disinfectants are crucial for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing environments. Tolerance of L. monocytogenes to sub lethal levels of disinfectants based on QAC is conferred by the resistant determinants qacH and bcrABC. The QAC based disinfectants which are in common use in many food industries are found

supernatant (II in Table 1) was adjusted to pH 5.0 by the addition of 1N acetic acid and allowed to stand overnight. The precipitate was removed by centrifugation and the supernatant (III in Table 1) was subjected to ammonium sulphate fractionation between 0.25 and 0.9 saturation. The ammonium sulphate precipitate was suspended in 0.0025M Mc llvain buffer (pH 5.5) containing 2.5 × 10-3 M sodium ascorbate and dialyzed against the same buffer at 40C for 20 hrs. The dialysate (IV in Table 1) was centrifuged

DG or nonionic micelle component and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) anionic component micelle. Therefore, the continuation of the work CAPB is used. Chemical formula C19H38N2O3 and IUPAC name {[3-(Dodecanoylamino) propyl](dimethyl)ammonio}acetate is showen in fig 5. Molecular structure of CAPB : Fig 5 (CAPB) is a mixture of closely related organic compounds derived from coconut oil and dimethyl amino propyl amine.[ 63] CAPB is available as a viscous pale yellow solution and it is used as a surfactant

The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction, the horner-emmons wittig specifically, reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine

Chemistry EEI Report August 28 2014 Mr Moss Hanul Jung 11J   Contents Part A 1 Introduction 1 Hypothesis 2 Materials (Total Dissolved Solids) 3 Method (TDS) 3 Materials (Heavy Metals) 3 Method (Heavy Metals) 3 Materials (pH) 3 Method (pH) 3 Materials (Water Hardness) 4 Method (Water Hardness) 4 Part B 5 Results 6 Water hardness (for calcium) 6 pH 7 Total dissolved solids 7 Modifications 8 Discussion 9 Recommendation/Improvements 10 Relationship 10 Conclusion 11 Reference list 12 Appendix 13