A Personal Energy Budget

Answer question 2 based on the results of question 1. You have a natural gas furnace in your home that used 78,500 cubic feet of natural gas for heating last winter. Your neighbor has a furnace that burns heating oil, and used 516 gallons of heating oil last winter. You can convert the natural gas and heating oil consumption data into Btu to determine which home used more energy for heating. Natural gas BTU:  1,028 Btu per cubic foot Oil BTU: 138,590 Btu per gallon   Natural Gas BTU= 80698000 Btu Oil BTU                = 71512440 Btu   The home that used a natural gas furnace used more energy for heating. 2. You need a new furnace for your home, and you are comparing systems that use natural gas and heating oil. One factor to consider is the cost of fuel. You can compare the price of the fuels on an equal basis by dividing the price per unit of the fuels by the Btu content per unit of the fuels to get a price per million Btu. Assume Natural gas price = $10.50 per thousand cubic…

The table below shows the melting point, specific heat, and heat of fusion of different solids. Suppose the same mass of these solids are at their respective melting point temperatures, which solid requires most amount of heat to melt? Substance Melting Point Heat of Fusion Specific Heat 79.71 cal/g 5.85 cal/g 21.07 cal/g 15.39 cal/g 31.98 cal/g 0.50 cal/gC° 0.033 cal/gC° 0.056 cal/gC° 0.030 cal/gCo 0.093 cal/gC° Ice 0°C Lead 327°C Silver 961°C Gold 1063°C Copper 1083°C O lead ice O gold O silver O O O O

A 60,000 ft2 building used 850,000 kWh of electricity and 900 Mcf of natural gas over the past 12 months. What is the Energy Use Index of the building? (Assume 1 Mcf= 1,037,000 Btu) a. 63.9 kBtu/ft2 b. 68.2 kBtu/ft2 c. 73.6 kBtu/ft2 d. 79.4 kBtu/ft2

I need help with the steps of this thermodynamics review sheet! Thank you  A heat engine with a thermal efficiency of 45% rejects 1000 kJ/kg of heat to a low temperature sink. How much heat does it receive(kJ/kg)? How much work does it produce (kJ/kg)? If the cycle operates between temperatures of 400°C and 50°C, what is the maximum amount of work that this cycle can produce (kJ/kg)? A Carnot heat pump operates between 273 K and 313 K, determine its Coefficient of Performance.

3. Laws on Conservation. Using the energy model sketched below plus concepts of energy conservation, consider the impact of a dirty war on the global energy. To start, assume that the impact of this war has created an atmosphere that absorbs 75% of the incoming sunlight, while the albedo is reduced to nearly 20%. Let's assume that Earth's ability to reflect incoming solar radiation is negligible. The Earth's surface radiates 240 W/m2, all of which is absorbed by the atmosphere. Assuming that Earth can be modeled as a blackbody emitter and incoming/outgoing energy as shown in the schematic, find the following quantities: a) The "nuclear winter" temperature [°C] of the surface of the Earth b) X, the rate [W/m²] at which radiation is emitted from the atmosphere to space c) Y, the rate [W/m²] of absorption of short-wavelength solar radiation at the Earth's surface d) Z, the rate [W/m2] at which the atmosphere radiates energy to the Earth's surface Incoming 342 W/m² Reflected to space X…

You have two toys with two different shapes; one is shaped like a solid cylinder and the other like a solid sphere. The two toys have the same volume (V(cylinder) = V(sphere)) and same radius (R(cylinder)=R(sphere)). They both generate the same total heat (q(cylinder)=q(sphere)) and are made from the same material (k(cylinder)=k(sphere)). a) Determine whether the sphere toy or the cylinder toy has the higher heat flux anywhere in the toy b) Calculate the ratio of the maximum heat fluxes between them Hint: Assume the ends of the cylinder toy to be perfectly insulated.

Thermodynamics : Ideal Gas Cycle You have to make a SUMMARY OF FORMULAS (entire output must fit in ONE-PAGE ONLY of your chosen paper size) about Ideal Gas Cycles (Carnot, Brayton, Diesel and Otto). Your output must include SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (T – S or P – V DIAGRAM), SUMMARY OF FORMULAS (Heat Added, Heat Rejected, Efficiency, Net Work, Important Constants, etc.).

Wind power is defined as the use of air flow through wind turbines to provide the mechanical force to generate electricity. Wind power is an alternative to burning fossil fuels, and is renewable and produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation. Modern horizontal-axis wind turbines often use three blades. Theoretically, the maximum power P (unit: watts) that a three-blade wind turbine can extract from the wind power can be calculated as: P = pAv³C₁. . (Equation 1) where p is the air density (kg/m³), A is the sweep area of the turbine (m²) and can be calculated from the length of the turbine blades, and v is the wind speed (m/s). Cp is the power coefficient that is unique to each turbine type. This coefficient represents the amount of kinetic energy from the wind that is captured by the turbine. From the Betz's limit law we know that the best power conversion possible is Cp,max = 0.59. Part 1 Given the following data: Blade length /= 50 m Air density p= 1.5 kg/m³ Power…

O You are running an industrial research study together with your project team to improve energy efficiency in a combustion process. The purpose of the research is to identify the optimum air-fuel ratio for the combustion process in a boiler under varying conditions of air supply and quality of fuel. The study would involve design of experiments, data collection and analysis, simulation of the different variables and validation of the optimum parameters. There is a lot of pressure to improve the energy efficiency as there is a forecast of fuel price rise in the forthcoming month. Based on the CRPE code of ethics, explain two critical precautions which the engineers have to consider before implementation of the data collection process for the industrial experiment. to be taken during the Describe briefly five ethical measures experimentaldata collection in order to ensure validity of results. Explain two precautions to be taken during the report writing on the research study carried out…

Table 4 shows the job processing data which involves the jobs identification, processing time and due date for the jobs. Table 4: Job processing data Processing time (hours) Job Due date (hours) A 8 10 B 12 C 15 20 D 3 18 E 12 22 (i) Analyze the schedules suitable for the given data using earliest due date (EDD) and shortest processing time (SPT) rules. (ii) Based on the answer in Q4(b)(i), justify the most appropriate sequencing rule based on total and average tardiness analysis.

QUESTION 10 A Watt (W) is defined as one Joule (J) of energy per second (s): 1 W = 1 J/s. It is also possible to calculate the watts of an electric device by multiplying the voltage supplied, in Volts (V), by the current drawn, in Amps (A): 1 W = 1 V x 1 A. Consider an electric car with a 75 kWh (kilowatt- hour) battery. If the car consumes on average 230 Wh/mile, what is the maximum range of the car in miles? Enter your answer to one decimal place using rounding.

Part 1: Do the Analysis of the Ocean Thermal Gradient Power Plant shown below. Your Analysis will be easier to do in EES but it is up to you. Your EES program must be well documented and documentation in your code should reference system sketches. (The cycle and individual components) These sketches are done on attached engineering or typing paper, unless you are able to draw them in EES. You must validate your results with hand calculations on engineering paper that invoke the 1 and 2 Law from the perspective of the entire cycle, not the individual components. Of course, a system sketch is required. nd 1. An ocean thermal gradient power plant using a simple non-ideal Rankine Cycle operates with a peak boiler temperature of 70 °F and a condenser temperature of 40 °F. The warm surface water of the ocean is supplying the thermal energy to the boiler. Assume a high source temperature of 80 °F. The cooler water deeper in the ocean is the sink for heat rejection at the condenser. Assume a…

XYZ Company Ltd has consulted your firm Zig-Zag Energy over an intention to generate electricity in Ghana. Being the senior project engineer for Zig-Zag Energy, management has asked you to prepare a detailed technical report in respect to the project. a) Discuss the major factors to take into consideration when consulting on such projects.                                                                                                           A tank containing air is stirred by a paddle wheel. The work input to the paddle wheels is 2000KJ and the heat transferred to the surrounding from the tank is 6000KJ. b) Determine the change in the internal energy of the system                                              There has been a sharp differences between the board of Blue-Blue Energy over which of the energy sources (hydroelectric power plant-HEP and Coal fired plant) is best for power generation. As an energy expert, you were confronted by the debating faction for your opinion. You…

Read the question carefully and match the answer with its respective question: It has been reported that, before 10years, the Heat Rate of natural gas was 8185. It has been observed that, due to the use of modern technology, in last 10years, the efficiency of natural gas-based power plants has been increased by 20%. As per the report, what is the new %age efficiency? Choose. With reference to the new efficiency what would be the new recorded value of the heat rate of natural gas? Choose.

Question 3 The work done for a thermodynamic process can be calculated using the tabulated data and the equation below: Table 1: Pressure vs Volume Data Pressure (kPa) where W is work done, P is pressure, and V is the volume. Use Trapezoidal method (Do it by hand and show all calculations) and built-in trapz function to estimate the total Work done, in kJ. Volume (m³) W = 0.5 2 S 3 PdV 336 294.4 266.4 260.8 260.5 249.6 193.6 165.6 4 6 8 10 11

25. A solar-power-tower plant is considered for a given city with a DNI = 2072 kWh/m2.year. Heliostats with a total area of 80,000 m² are to be used to reflect solar radiation into a receiver. When the average solar irradiation is 950 (W/m), steam is produced at a rate of 20 kg/s. The resulting steam is directed to a turbine to produce mechanical power. A generator is connected to turbine to convert turbine shaft power into electricity. Assume the collector-receiver conversion is 85 percent efficient; take the average thermal efficiency to be 18 percent, and the generator efficiency to be 96 percent. (a) How much electricity can be produced per year? What is the temperature of the produced steam if the fluid initial temperature is 25°C, and the specific heat capacity is 4.2 kJ/kg."C?

a)Determine the thermal efficiency (ηth,Brayton). Express your answer to three significant figures.b)Determine the net power output (W˙net). Express your answer to six significant figures and include appropriate units.c)Determine the back work ratio. Express your answer to three significant figures.

A student evaluates a weight loss program by calculating the number of times he would need to climb a 11.0 m high flight of steps in order to lose one pound (0.45 kg) of fat. Metabolizing 1.00 kg of fat can release 3.77 ✕ 107 J of chemical energy and the body can convert about 19.4% of this into mechanical energy (the rest goes into internal energy.)   (a)How much mechanical energy (in J) can the body produce from 0.450 kg of fat?   (b)How many trips up the flight of steps are required for the 74.0 kg student to lose 0.450 kg of fat? Ignore the relatively small amount of energy required to return down the stairs.

Use the information below to answer the questions that follow. Annual household fuelwood use in Nigeria is 1600 kilograms The percentage of non-renewable biomass is 50% The net caloric value of woody biomass is 10 MJ/kg CO2 produced per MJ of fuelwood is 100 g 1 metric ton = 1,000,000 grams. Price of a carbon credit in California's carbon allowance auctions is $12 a) An improved firewood stove called a Mirt stove saves 25% of fuelwood in the field. Calculate the carbon savings for one year for one household (answer should be in tons of CO2). Your Answer: Answer

3. The U.S. auto industry produces approximately 6 million vehicles a year, each containing roughly 1.5 metric tons of fabricated metal. Consider a future wind-turbine industry having half of the auto industry's mass throughout of wind turbine units. Each unit has a specific weight of 75 kg/kW rated (nacelle components plus tubular tower only). a. At a wind-turbine capacity factor of 0.3, how long would it take to replicate the 2008 U.S.-installed average electric power rating of 1035 GW? b. Discuss (5-10 sentences) the relevant factors that would determine whether a wind machine industry of this size could be successfully operated sustainably over periods on the order of several centuries.

If we wanted to supply all the electricity needs for New York City (NYC), with a popula- tion of about 10 million people, using photovoltaics technology, how much land area would we need? What other elements would be required for such an idea to work for NYC? How large of an investment would this involve, and how would the price of electricity in ¢ per kWeh have to increase in order to recover that investment in 10 years at an interest rate of 8%? For comparison, the average New Yorker paid 12¢/kWeh in 2002.

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Estimate the thermal properties of a food with the following composition: carbohydrate 17.1%, protein 2.1%, fat 0.1%, ash 0.9%, humidity 79.8%. a. Specific heat is based on the Siebel = Answer equation kJ / kg ° C. b. Specific heat is based on the Charm = Answer equation kJ / kg ° C. c. Specific heat is based on the Heldman & Singh = Answer equation kJ / kg ° C. d. Specific heat is based on the Choi & Okos = Answer equation kJ / kg ° C. e. Heat conductivity based on the equation Sweat = Answer W / m ° C. f. Heat conductivity based on the Choi & Okos = Answer equation W / m ° C. g. Heat diffusivity based on the Choi & Okos = Answer equation m² / s

An engineer was tasked with evaluating a heat and power generation unit for an aluminium smelting plant. The management intends to expand the production facilities to meet growing demand for aluminium. The plan involves increasing the energy intensive smelting line from the present single line to three lines by end of 2022. To support the expansion plan, the company plans to install a self-sufficient power generation unit. Details of the energy requirement and the proposed power generation unit is given the following Table. Item Power requirement per smelting processing line 0.6 MW Proposed power generation unit: Supplier • System Description Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd Steam power plant (Carnot heat engines principles) 35% • Overall thermal efficiency Prepare a mini technical power evaluation report for the above project. Your report should include the following items and in the following order: a. Total power (W) and heat (Q) requirement.

Question 2 The following data are given for a certain rocket unit: Thrust, 8000 N Propellant weight flow rate, internal efficiency 36 N/sec Speed of rocket, combustion efficiency 800 m/s 32% 97 % Determine (a) the effective velocity; (b) total kinetic energy per second (c) calorific value of propellant (d) the propulsive efficiency (e) the overall efficiency (f) the specific impulse (g) the specific propellant consumption

Thermodynamics deals with forms of energy and change in the total energy of a system which can be assigned a value of zero at some reference point. The total energy of a system has two groups: macroscopic and microscopic. Describe the concept of macroscopic and microscopic forms of energy in a thermodynamics system. (d) A quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study is referred to system. Some thermodynamics relations that are applicable to closed and open systems are different. It is extremely important to recognize the system before start analyzing it. Thus, differentiate among following thermodynamics systems. (i) Isolated system; (ii) Rigid system; and (iii) Adiabatic system.

The following table of probabilistic time estimates (in weeks) and activity predecessors are provided for a project. 96% 91% 86% 89% Time Estimates (weeks) Activity a A B с D E 3 4 2 65 m 5 8 3 9 9 b 7 10 5 12 15 Activity Predecessor A A B, C D The probability that the project could be completed in 34 weeks or less is approximately?

Thermodynamics: Please show how to get the right answer for this problem? Step by step the choices of answers are 525.3 and 171.1 *My friend and i got the 2 answers so i crossed out the wrong ones*

On average, a pair of running shoes can last 18 months if used every day. The length of time running shoes last is exponentially distributed. What is the probability that a pair of running shoes last more than 15 months? Eighty percent of running shoes last at most how long if used every day?

34. In 2017, around 550 quads of energy were consumed globally. Assuming that all of the energy is consumed at an equal rate throughout the year, determine the average power consumption of the world in Watts (or kW, MW, GW, etc.).

Q 1. Select the proper choice(s) for each of the following statements: 1) The force/weight criteria to choose the working energy is higher in than (A) hydraulic, pneumatic, (B) electric, hydraulic, (C) electric, pneumatic, (D) pneumatic, hydraulic 2) When drawing the symbol of DCV, we use of to identify the number (A) squares, ports, (C) lines, ports, of the valve. (B) ports, switching positions, (D) lines, actuation methods 3) To automate the speed control of cylinder movement we use valve. (A) mechanically adjustable one-way flow control valve, (B) shut-off valve (C) manually adjustable one-way flow control valve, (D) throutling valve 4) Which working medium gives precise control over motion (A) hydraulic, (B) pneumatic, (C) both of hydraulic or pneumatic 5) In fluid power systems, form of energy is transformed from pressure to kinetic energy in the (A) Actuators, (C) power supply section, section. (B) power control section, (D) fluid filtering component(s) 6) AND-logic valve passes…

1.19) A thermodynamic cycle involves the following 4 processes. Draw the cycle on a single PT diagram. (a) An isobaric heating from 500 K and 400 kPa to a temperature of 700 K (b) An isothermal compression to a pressure of 800 kPa (c) An isobaric cooling to a temperature of 500 K (d) An appropriate isothermal expansion to close the cycle Note: The chart should be drawn to scale, neatly accurately. Use a ruler and label your axis.

Estimate the thermal properties of food with the following composition: carbohydrate 14.5%, protein 0.2%, fat 0.6%, ash 0.3%, moisture 84.4%. a. Specific heat is based on the Siebel = Answer equationkJ / kg ° C. b. Specific heat is based on the Charm = Answer equationkJ / kg ° C. c. Specific heat is based on the Heldman & Singh = Answer equationkJ / kg ° C. d. Specific heat is based on the Choi & Okos = Answer equationkJ / kg ° C. e. Heat conductivity based on the equation Sweat = AnswerW / m ° C. f. Heat conductivity based on the Choi & Okos = Answer equationW / m ° C. g. Heat diffusivity based on the Choi & Okos = Answer equationm² / s.

The presence of thermal reservoir of a Geothermal Power Plant, supplements the generation of power and energy. What is then the thermal energy at the reservoir if the temperatures of the reservoir and a reference point are 315 C and 295 C respectively with volumetric specific heat and the value at the reservoir are 78 KJ/KG and 155 cu.meter. 241.800 KJ 352.500 K) 421.850 KJ 541, 820 KJ