DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION IN MARKETING: A PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
DEFINING MARKETING AND MARKETING RESEARCH
Marketing has been defined as “…an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders” (American Marketing Association, 2004) and “…a total system of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute want-satisfying products to target markets in order to achieve organizational objectives” (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, Pandit, 2010: 7). Based on these definitions one can assume that Marketing is referred to those actions that firms must take to create value and exchange it with potential customers, and in this regard Marketing plays a strategic role in the organization (Silk, A J, 2006: 3). Marketing research on the other hand is “…needed before a product is introduced to the market and on a regular basis throughout its life. Research is not limited to products; it is conducted to answer questions about potential market segments, entire stores, brand names, advertising, prices, and every other aspect of marketing.” (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, Pandit, 2010: 181)
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When new ideas are invented, diffused, and are adopted or rejected, leading to certain consequences, social change occurs” says Everett Rogers in his 1962 book “Diffusion of Innovation”. He was one of the first few researchers to adopt a social welfare view of diffusion of innovation and theorized how it could be used for the uplifting people, to bring any social change and to inculcate healthy habits in individuals. The idea of social change and social exchanges where no monetary transactions are involved have been highlighted in a special branch of Marketing aptly called social
The American Marketing Association defines marketing as "an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders". (2005) Simply put, marketing is the process by which businesses assess the needs and desires of consumers in order to provide products and/or services to meet those needs in the most efficient and cost effective manner. Truly effective marketers do market research in an effort to understand their target market and create marketing strategies based on the characterization of those in the target area.
Marketing research is very important component of a business used to identify and define the opportunities and problems that they will encounter on the market. The aim
In the paper of Dixon and Wilkinson (1982), the authors argue that marketing is a kind of exchange mechanism that results from buyers and sellers actions to satisfy their requirements. Furthermore, each person plays one or more specific roles of different social systems in which
Before launching or expanding a business venture, there needs to be an understanding of the industry, its competitors, and its customers. Market research is vital in assisting companies in the decision-making process and their marketing direction. Data from marketing research is important because it provides companies with ways to identify opportunities, identify market potential, minimize chances of loss, devise effective marketing strategies, gauge customer satisfaction, and serve as an evaluation tool.
Marketing research is the method/methods that connect the clients, buyers and users to the marketer through data found from research to find and outline marketing opportunities and dilemmas. The general aim of marketing research is to recognize and evaluate how altering the marketing mix which is comprised of 4 features: product, price, promotion and place, influences customer behaviour.
Marketing Research is imperative to Disney Pixar's success. Marketing research is the process in which managers perform to gather information effectively to introduce their products and services to their target market. Although the amount of time required for this research depends on the size of the target market and the company's line of business, there is a defined process used to implement the company's products or services. This process includes 1) assessing information needs, 2) developing needed information through internal databases, 3) implementation of marketing research, 4) organization of ideas, and 5) distributing and using information. Therefore, marketing research is important to developing a marketing strategy because it
Market research consists of information collection regarding the prevalent market situation, and its analysis. “We define marketing research as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and
However, despite signalling contemporary marketing to focus on the understanding of behaviour change, the nature of social marketing may present itself as a rival to contemporary marketing in the commercial sector. General marketing thinking involves maximising profit for practising organisations. On the contrary, social marketing seek to improve the welfare of target consumers and the society they are in. For instance, tobacco companies wish to sell more cigarettes to earn more profit but social marketing campaigns discourage smoking. It can be deduced from the above case that some behaviour changes social marketing pursues contradict the capitalistic objective of mainstream marketing theory.
Marketing research is what informs business’s make decisions by helping it to understand the changing dynamics of its market. This involves finding out more about customers, competitors and the overall marketing environment.
Marketing research is best defined as, “a way of investigating and answering questions about human behavior,” (Bont, Et. Al, 2007). Essentially, marketing research is a tool that helps businesses stay ahead of the trends and maintain a competitive edge in the constantly changing global market. Companies that make marketing research a central part of their business plan will see the business grow and develop to not just achieve their business goals, but exceed them. Robert Duboff puts it into perspective in a way that anyone can understand in terms of why marketing research is a valuable tool, “Marketing
Marketing is the all-embracing function that links the business with customer needs and wants in order to get the right product to the right place at the right time. It is the action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. Arby’s, for example, has changed in a revolutionary way. Their marketing strategy has changed which impacted the human resource management department and the financial structure of the business.
33) Marketing research is the process of designing, gathering, analyzing, and reporting information that may be used to solve a specific marketing problem.
Once a company decides to develop or launch a new product or service it is essential that they conduct a thorough and focused marketing research. If this is done any decisions that are based upon the marketing research plan will minimize the risks involved as well as pay dividends. As the business continues to thrive with the new product it is essential for the company to conduct follow up marketing research on their product throughout the lifecycle of the product it will assist the company if better communication with customers, minimize the company’s risk, idenitfy opportunities, and create a standard to measure progress of the service.
To be successful in business, "a consumer does not buy a whole of physical components of the product but it is usefulness, function, satisfaction of consumer's needs, solving the problem, etc" (Dubrouski, , p.1). "That is why the product is a whole of tangible and intangible components which means satisfaction of consumer's needs and desires, solving the problem"(Dubrouski, p.1). Companies and managers must learn to utilize marketing research, as well as, strategy skills to fulfill customers' satisfaction. Management has to focus on exclusive marketing challenges presented by the new era of the 21st century. Management has to be able to utilize inventive, dominant, and cost effective marketing techniques that will support the future success of the organization. Companies must meet,"the increasing importance of services as part of a product (offer, offering package) which cannot be neglected" (Dubrouski, p.1). Exploring the purpose of market research, as well as, evaluating the importance of such research, facilitates managers in realizing the importance of marketing to an organization's success and to be globally competitive.
In the past decades, the marketing environment has been changed radically. The approaches and philosophies of marketing have undergone a gigantic impact from the new social channels. Social marketing has emerged as required in the context. Kotler,P. and Zaltman,G (1971)