BUDGET AND FINANCIAL ISSUES At its formation, the UN had inherited financial problems from its predecessor – the League of Nations (McDermott, 2000). Seventy years down the lane, financial problems have been at the core of the UN activities in peacekeeping missions. Thus, the issue of budgetary crisis with regards to financing old and new peacekeeping operations continue to persist. According to McDermott (2000), peacekeeping “have been both the making and near breaking of the organization.” On one hand, peacekeeping expansion from traditional peacekeeping to peacekeeping and now peacebuilding have contributed to the exponential growth of the organization. On the other hand, the spread out of peacekeeping increases cost and have overly …show more content…
As peacekeeping missions are organized on adhoc basis, each peacekeeping mission budget is authorized separately, and member states are assessed per mission. It is interesting to point out that the peacekeeping budget allocation since its creation has always been far more than the regular budget of the UN as a whole (McDermott, 2000). To demonstrate this, according to McDermott (2000), “the budgeted expenditures of the UN in 1994 reached $8.3 billion, of which $1.3 billion went to regular budget; $3.3 billion to peacekeeping operations; and the remaining $3.7 billion on operational activities and programs supported by voluntary contributions.” As noted in Article 17 of the charter, the expenses of the organization shall be borne by member states and approved by the General Assembly (UN charter). However, the charter does not point out the scale of contributions from member states. The system evolved over years with formulas that determine contributions based on the capacity of countries to pay. As a result of the special role played by the five permanent members of the Security Council, the system allocates to them a very high percentage (McDermott, 2000). In December 2000, the General Assembly reaffirmed this with resolution A/RES/55/235. (UNGA, 2015). The system therefore categorizes member states into groups: A, B, C and D, for scaled of assessed contributions. Category A
“The federal budget is the yearly plan for how the US government will spend the money it takes from taxes and borrowing.” After thoroughly analyzing the federal budget from 2012, it is unquestionably evident that a majority of the money is being put into a few major categories, leaving room for the rest of the smaller categories to be financially neglected. Is this fair? It seems that the money could be more fairly distributed, and that there is room for cuts in some of the larger categories, to improve the littler ones. In each of the three budget clusters, the US Government should make adjustments in the way it is distributing money; changes involving the big five, the middle
Over the recent years the military has had a greater involvement with aid programs, this was most notable from her experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan. Militarization of aid politicizes it for something that shouldn't be political. As the author believes humanitarian aid needs to exist in a neutral humanitarian space in order to remain its legitimacy and maintain close ties to the community level. From one example mentioned in Damned Nations, during the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan, international aid agencies that worked closely with communities showed greater progress and effectiveness (Nutt, 92). In essence this administered a positive attitude towards westerners, and symbolized progress within hostile nations. Aid that is not militarized allows civilians to feel safe access to services and without the fear in putting themselves or their families at risk (Nutt, 92). In comparison military administered aid has proven to lack the same level of trust because civilians inherently become worried about being targeted as collaborators (Nutt, 92). In addition the militarization of aid proves to bring further danger towards humanitarian workers. “Over the past decade, attacks against aid workers have increased 177 percent, with reports of rape, violence, extortion, abduction, and killings” (Nutt, 94). The author states this was reflected from a misjudgment that involving armed militants into
The federal budget deficit is a much discussed and little understood subject in American politics. The current recession has dramatically decreased tax revenues, driving the United States federal government to increase spending in an attempt to stabilize the economy. As a result the current federal deficit is at over $1.3 trillion dollars. This is approximately $47,754 per U.S. citizen or $137,552 per U. S. taxpayer (U.S. Debt Clock: Real Time, 2012).
With the transition of a new President and Administration one can only think of how our economy will be in the next four years. America is a melting plot therefore we are not always going to agree on where Government spends our money. Some support more spending on education and new construction for roads while others support a less involved government. We have seen in the past that when there’s a high level of government spending our economy blooms. We can benefit from this because we have more move to spend and put back into the economy.
The United States national debt is large. The U.S. Debt-to-GDP ratio has grown to over 60 percent in recent years. We are more than $15 trillion in debt. In this paper I will address the federal budget, the United States debt, and the resulting impacts on society in several sectors.
According to Shultz (2002), individuals and businesses fund the Federal Government through personal income and payroll taxes. With the unemployment rate at 8.1% as of January 1st, 2014 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014), created an overall shortage in both individual and business taxes.
The Federal budget deficit is the amount of spending by the Federal government that is in excess of how much money the government brings in annually. While the Federal budget deficit has steadily decreased overall during the past fifteen years, our Federal debt continues to grow at a drastic rate. A review of how the Federal deficit has evolved over the past fifteen years, the rate of growth of the Federal debt during that same period, and how the two are connected will better explain this phenomenon.
The federal budget deficit is where government spends more than it receives. This deficit is financed either through borrowing or issuing money. The U.S. Treasury has borrowed trillions of dollars to rescue the financial system. When compared to other countries the sum of money is greater than what other countries borrow. Questions like who holds most of our debt and where is most of the money spent will be answered in this essay.
The peacekeepers success is never guaranteed but they can always provide for these communities in difficult situations. “The approved budget for UN peacekeeping operations for the fiscal year 1 July 2016-30 June 2017 is $7.87 billion.” Different countries provide these contributions of this amount of money. Money is a very important aspect for peacekeeping, without the approved budget peacekeepers cannot provide aid such as the materials like food, clean water, medical supplies or whatever else they may
To this date, the erstwhile colonised peoples are still calling for reparations to be paid to them, citing moral obligations of the colonisers and/or settlers, and this call is mostly being made to the white governments in Canada and the United States and to the British government in India. Let us look at three recent cases of such demands and examine how the governments in question have consistently failed to provide “adequate reparations” (as understood by the victimised populations) to the peoples they have wronged. This failure of “adequate compensations” can be ascribed to a guilt that either stems from an inherent moral high ground of the people in power, or because, as Hannah Arendt insists, “[...] guilt is strictly personal.” In that case, what the current generation of white settlers and British population feels is not guilt but simply a tedious sense of obligation for the mistakes of their ancestors.
The Federal budget for the United States is a very important part of what the president must put together every year so every department in the government can know what they will be able to spend in the upcoming year. Government spending generally exceeds the budget put in place which is why America is so far into debt, the good thing about the budget is that about 21% of it goes back into the economy. The fiscal policy is how the government spending and taxation influence the economy based on what goods and services are purchased or the taxes collected.
The federal budget is one of the biggest political debates in Washington, D.C. Every year, the President and Congress debate over how much money should be allocated to certain areas of the budget to effectively manage the country. The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 requires the President to submit the budget to Congress for each fiscal year. The federal budget includes funding request for all federal executive departments and independent agencies.
Thesis: The role of the United Nations has changed from being primarily an international peacekeeping force to primarily a humanitarian organization.
For as long as Americans can remember there has always been a federal deficit. In fact, the only time in American history when there was no federal debt was under president Andrew Jackson, and it only lasted a single year(Wall Street Journal). The federal government never managed to pay off the debt again, although some administrations, like Coolidge’s and Clinton’s, have managed to run brief surpluses(Wall Street Journal). Yet today there seems to be no limit on the debt and deficit spending, and a key question has been pressed into the forefront of politics and fiscal policy, “is
The United Nations, with its rigid moral and political limitations against force, has become a benchmark of peace and a social achievement of modern times. From war torn Europe, the United Nations developed from five major powers with an initial goal to prevent the spread of warfare through peaceful means and to establish and maintain fundamental human rights. Through the past fifty years, this organization has broadened its horizons with auxiliary organizations from peace keeping missions to humanitarian aid, to economic development. However, in a modern example of ethnic cleansing, the UN faces new a new role as a bystander as its power is bypassed by NATO forces. The UN, however, promises to be an