Discuss The Nature of cash receipts and cash disbursements over a calendar year.
H&R Block: H&R receives their cash receipts over a 2.5 month period. These cash receipts have to be allocated and spread throughout the financial reporting year to cover expenditures not incurred during the 2.5 month period.
Toys R Us: The majority of their cash receipts are received over a four month time period. Unlike H&R block, a higher cash budget has to be allocated for the inventory purchases they must hold for a 3 month period before the rush season of purchases. They have several months where cash disbursements higher than routine expenditures.
Johnson & Johnson: Their cash receipts and cash disbursements are fairly even throughout the year with minimal fluctuations. Unlike Toys R Us and H&R Block, Johnson & Johnson is receiving cash and providing credit. They have to
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Management along with accountants will need to estimate the cash disbursements to cover expenses such as salaries/wages, overhead and other obligations over the course of the year. If done well, management can manage the cash balances to meet the obligations when cash isn’t being received. Such as in the case of H&R block.
Toys R Us must project how much cash disbursements will be to cover inventory to be procured and held, in other words cost of goods sold. If they are going to use any credit for inventory they must prepare a cash receipt budget that proves to creditors that they can cover the amounts when they come due. Johnson & Johnson have a fairly predictable cash disbursement and cash flow budget process unless they have many customers using the credit terms. They will then need to assure they can cover the expenditures associated with manufacturing their product awaiting the payment from the credit contracts. They can charge interest on the creditors that offset and cover their cost associated with this
At all times HR must consider the financial implications of delivering service by liaising with finance/accounts departments and ensuring service is provided within budget limitations. It is also important to have a clear record of all resources available to the organisation to protect against unnecessary spending. For example, consider using in-house services as more cost effective than buying services in from outside the organisation.
F. Controls over cash and credit: a. Individual accountability for cash stocks. This meant that most personnel who dealt directly with cash were held individually accountable for a specific sum of money that was charged out to them. This control was designed to address the problem that these personnel will make mistakes to create any large shortages or persistent patterns of shortages.
Toys R Us' financial troubles are not new. As part of a broad reorganization, the Wayne, N.J. company, who at one time was the nation's second-biggest toy retailer, decided to close their Kids R Us stores and sell of its Imaginarium stores, which sell educational products and be left with Toys R Us and Babies R Us. By doing this Toys R Us has planned that over the next year it would reduce operating expenses and cut capital spending. In addition, it planned to mark down prices
It follows a strong internal control system for cash. A separate person is appointed to approve all purchases, payroll and any disbursement of cash. At the end of each month company prepares bank reconciliation statement to reconcile cash book balance and bank statement balance. Company keeps proper inventory record system. All these prevent frauds and ensure smooth functioning of the business.
Operations is separate from the accounting department. The employees in operations handle promoting the products. Also, Operations is in charge of making the products. The company’s accounting system is handled in-house by the cashier and the bookkeeper and by the accounting firm hired to handle the businesses’ financial reporting. The cashier handles all sales through the register. The register is balanced against the drawer each night by the bookkeeper and a deposit made the same day. The bookkeeper gives the accountant the drawer receipts and bank receipts for journal entries and later reports. The accountant checks all cash received and payments made against bank statements and collected paperwork. There is not a single person assigned to do all duties.
In order to ensure responsible accounting practices Peyton Approved will be investing in QuickBooks Pro; this accounting software will allow us to make sure all the steps are being followed correctly. We have also hired Fusion Group; Fusion Group is an accounting firm that specializes in new business owners to help with the accounting process. As a company we are also taking classes to get a better understanding of accounting, getting an understanding of why the accounting cycle is important, what the numbers mean for the company, whether or not we are in debt, we owe money, but also being able to get a true sense of the monthly profit (Scheid, J., (2011).
First, when making journal entries, cash is tied to all the major accounts through everyday transactions. In addition to other asset accounts, liabilities, revenues, and expenses are all impacted by the receipt or expenditure of cash, which in turn impacts the financial statements. So tracking cash could be a big part of verifying the information on the financial statements.
For example if a business were to spend heavily just before it receives cash from their customers who have bought on credit it is likely to face problems. It is not wise to spend cash when it is not definitely there. It will help SIGNature Ltd. to save cash if they were able to delay paying their courier for services they have already bought, the courier may also be able to extend their credit period (if any) from 30 to 60 days for example. However the business should be careful that the courier do not withdraw their credit facilities and refuse to transport the business’ goods if they are waiting too long for payment. Alternatively Sharma and Ryan could look into other courier services, comparing prices on the market in order to find a company that will transport their goods at a lower cost; leaving additional cash funds to support other business activity. Additional action that could be taken includes reducing the personal drawings from the business, owners who regularly take cash from the business could attempt to take less. Living expenses may be an issue to consider, however, making a reduction in drawings taken could reduce the amount of money that leaves the business.
Has the most loosely credit policies, which has caused them to collect their receivables longer than the other ones.
Information based on accrual accounting has historically and empirically provided a better indication of a company’s ability to generate cash flows than information gathered under the cash method. If there is not inter-period allocation, then the information is not as meaningful and will result in a mismatching of economic benefits
Moving onto the balance sheet, it is safe to assume that the cash position in the firm will increase the rate of the sales growth going forward. In actuality, cash has historically increased faster than the growth of revenue with 2004 being an exception. To calculate the assumption for accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable, we averaged the four years worth of data
Murray Compensation, Inc. (Murray), an SEC registrant that provides payroll processing and benefit administration services to other companies, granted 100,000 “at-the-money” employee share options on January 1, 2006. The awards have a grant-date fair value of $6, vest at the end of the third year of service (cliff-vesting), and have an exercise price of $21.
The pro forma statements of cash-flows are projected statements of cash flows. Cash receipts are classified as operating, investing, or financing activities. In direct presentation it reports the major classes of gross cash, operating receipts, and payments and the difference between them. Indirect presentation reconciles net income with the net operating cash-flows which requires balance sheet data such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory, and net income.
15-27 (Internal control evaluation-Cash disbursements) Management has requested a review of internal control over disbursements for parts and supplies purchased at manufacturing plants. Cash disbursements are centrally processed at corporate headquarters based on disbursement vouchers prepared and approved at the manufacturing plants. Each manufacturing plant purchases parts and supplies for its own production needs.
The management of cash is essential to the survival of any organization. Managing an organization’s financial operation requires knowledge of the economy and ways to maximize revenue. For any organization to operate on a daily basis adequate cash flow is required. Without cash management the organization will be unable to function because there is no cash readily available in case of inconsistencies in the market. Cash is also needed to keep the cycle of the company’s operations going.