Chronic Kidney Disease

According to “MedlinePlus,” U.S. National Library of Medicine, "End-stage kidney disease is the last stage of chronic kidney disease. This is when your kidneys can no longer support your body's needs. End-stage kidney disease is also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD)” (“End-stage Kidney Disease”). Renal failure is a disease that prevents the kidneys from getting rid of wastes and extra fluids. It can damage other organs, and it may cause death.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a disease that is described as a loss of kidney function gradually over time. As kidney function decreases, the waste collection in the body’s blood becomes high and makes the individual feel sick. This disease can lead to other complications in the body such as anemia, poor nutritional health, high blood pressure, and nerve damage. These complications will begin to progress and show as CKD progresses to advanced stages. Early detection of this disease is essential when it comes to treatment. If CKD is diagnosed early enough the disease progression can be slowed down and managed. This disease will eventually lead to failure of the kidneys

End Stage Renal Disease also known as stage 5 of Chronic Kidney Disease. When this development happens you either need Dialysis or a kidney transplant to stay alive. DaVita has more than 2,100 outpatient dialysis centers located around the country. Our Kidneys are located in our lower back and are bean shaped organs that is very important to help our body filtrate waste and excess fluid amongst a few other things. It is said that “1 in 10 adults have Kidney Disease”.

One of the main renal failures is known as chronic kidney disorder (CKD). This disease is non-reversible and has no cure. CKD have this stages that definite the progression of a the kidneys. “CKD stages range from 1 to 5: the higher the number of stages, the greater the progression of the disease. CKD is a progressive condition that develops over an extended period before being detected”. In most cases when the symptoms is noticeable, the patient have already experience a large percentage of the kidney tissue that’s been destroyed. “Doctor uses a measurement called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to determine how the efficiency

Early Stage Chronic Renal Failure (ESCRF) is defined as stages 1-3 of renal failure determined by the Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) a formula incorporating Age, Gender, and Creatinine levels in the blood to determine how much waste product is being filtered every minute. A GFR of 30 to 99 mL/min is considered (ESCRF), GFR <30mL/min is considered End Stage Renal Failure with less than 30% functioning kidney, dialysis or transplant is essential for survival. A client can move through different Early stages, however progression usually progresses to more severe end stage, once GFR is <30mL/min damage cannot be reversed. Appropriate Intervention and reducing risk factors can prolong progression by months and up to years. ESCRF isn’t usually fatal diseases which shares common risk factors (diabetes and CVD) usually prove fatal, in Australia cause of death is often recorded as CVD and ESCRF is listed as an associated

Chronic kidney disease occurs through a gradual loss of kidney function over time. The disease includes conditions that damage the kidneys and decrease their ability to keep the body healthy through conducting their required jobs. When the condition gets worse, waste builds to high levels in the blood. An individual with the disease can develop complications such as high blood pressure, anemia, weak bones, poor nutritional health, never damage and increases the likeliness for heart and blood vessel disease ("About Chronic Kidney Disease," 2015). Consequently, problems with kidney disease may happen slowly over a long period of time.

Chronic kidney disease is that is a decline in the function of the of the renal system due that can be measured by the glomerular filtration rate. Long term complication can lead to end stage renal failure which places patient to be on long-term dialysis. The incidence of chronic kidney is on a constant rise. The main cause of chronic disease is diabetes in combination with hypertension. In the United States, there are an estimated 25 million people who have been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the prevalence is especially high among the elderly with approximately ten million cases in those over the age of 77. The purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical presentation of chronic kidney disease and describe potential factors that may impact the diagnosis and include treatment options.

Continual kidney disease isn't curable, but like lots of other healthcare problems, the signs could be controlled and treated. In case you treat kidney disease and keep an eye on it constantly, you are going to improve the life of the kidneys. Continue reading to learn how to treat kidney disease.

Final Question: In patients with non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) who have iron-deficiency anemia, how efficacious is intravenous (IV) ferric carboxymaltose in increasing hemoglobin levels and reducing treatment-related adverse events compared to IV iron sucrose?

On June 3rd we met with a 75-year-old African American female dialysis patient who is in renal failure due to a long history of hypertension, and type II diabetes leading to diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is caused by the blood glucose rising beyond the filtration capacity of the kidneys; they then lose their abilities to reabsorb glucose. The increased volume dilutes the NaCl in the urine, signaling the macula densa to release renin, causing vasoconstriction. Because the kidney is supplied by the blood it filters, the vasoconstriction also reduces the nutrients supplied to it and damage occurs.

Chronic kidney disease can start slowly and worsen over time. Patients with a history of diabetes and hypertension are especially susceptible. According to the CDC, approximately 1 of 3 adults with diabetes and 1 of 5 adults with high blood pressure has chronic kidney disease. In addition to diabetes and high blood pressure, other conditions that increase the risk of kidney disease include heart disease, obesity, older age, high cholesterol, and a family history of chronic kidney disease (cdc.gov, 2015). The clinical presentation of CKD is often subtle and can go unnoticed with physical symptoms alone in those with mild CKD. Buttaro et. al., (2013) explains that symptoms are uncommon in those with a GFR above 35%. Once GFR falls below 35%, a variety of metabolic, psychiatric, hematologic,

End-stage renal disease is a permanent damage to the kidneys leading to need for dialysis on regular basis to maintain life and its quality (End- stage renal disease, 2013). According to National kidney foundation (2013), the number of ESRD patients in United States which are under treatment are approximately 615,000, out of which 430, 000 are being treated with dialysis more than 185, 000 have successful renal transplant. The data also indicates that there has been 57 % increase in the number of patients diagnosed with renal failure. The rate of disease can be calculated on the basis of number of patients per one million general population and adjusted on the basis of age, gender and sex. In 2008, the data indicates that the adjusted rate of ESRD patients was 351 per million general population and the highest adjusted rate was detected in Ohio valley, Texas, California, and southwestern states (2010 Atlas of end- stage renal disease in United States).

End-stage kidney or renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease in which the kidneys no longer function well enough to meet the needs of daily life. End stage renal disease (ESRD) is the last stage (stage five) of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidneys function at below 15 percent of their normal capacity, is said to be in the 5th stage which is referred to as the End- stage kidney disease. During this stage, the damaged kidney cannot effectively do their job, such as remove waste or excess fluid from your blood. Stage 5 results when the kidneys cannot remove the body’s metabolic wastes or perform their regulatory functions; renal replacement therapies are required to sustain life (Hinkle & Cheever, 2014).

In the article “Facilitating Change in Medical -Surgical Units Through an Educational Program on Chronic Kidney Disease” by Mary Ann S. Isales, exhibits the concerns of insufficient knowledge regarding with chronic kidney disease among professional medical-surgical nurses. The sole purpose of this article is due to the fact that an experimental analysis by Barrantes discovered that chronic kidney disease has become an extensive health issue; as a result, patient’s mortality has increased by seven folds. Furthermore, another case has a correlation with chronic kidney disease as it unfolds that five percent of hospitalized patients in noncritical areas will result in developing this atrocious condition. In spite of the concerns of obtaining this

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem and has been defined by the presence of injury and / or loss of renal function (glomerular filtration rate - GFR) within 3 (three) months or more, regardless of diagnosis ¹.