Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that "occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the body's energy" (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world' population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6, and the most probable organization of the responsible gene is on a 19-kb region of INS-IGF2, which affects HLA-DR4 IDDM susceptibility. Diabetes Mellitus, was first diagnosed in the year 1000 BC, by the
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The genetics causes of Type I and Type II diabetes stem from elevated blood glucose levels. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by b -cell destruction, usually leading to an absolute insulin deficiency (Dahlquist 5). Type II diabetes extends from primarily insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to primarily defective insulin secretion with insulin resistance.
Much research has been done on determining the genes that are responsible for diabetes mellitus. Type I diabetes is known as a "complex trait," because the mutations in several genes contribute to it. IDDM1 on chromosome 6, IDDM2 on chromosome 11, and the gene for GCK, glucokinase, on chromosome 7, have all been reported as playing an integral part in the development of Type I diabetes (Dahlquist 5). The mechanisms behind these genes are not yet known at this time. In Type I diabetes, "the body's immune system mounts an immunological assault on its own insulin and the pancreatic cells that manufacture it" (NCBI, 1999). There are two proposed mechanisms for Type I diabetes. The first deals with environmental factors that trigger the autoimmune process, usually in the childhood development stage. The second mechanism suggest that a superantigen reaction results in rapid destruction of pancreatic b cells, which eventually leads to the onset of the disorder (Morwessel 545). There are two hypothesized forms of Type I diabetes: a B8
Type 1 is characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin. It is caused by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. There appears to be a hereditary link in people with Type 1 diabetes. Other factors have been known to cause Type 1 diabetes such as viral infections, toxins, and other environmental factors. Type 1 diabetes is the rare form, affecting about 10% of the diabetes population. Its onset usually occurs in people less than the age of 20.
Diabetes Type 2 1.Diabetes is considered a life style disease because it is not something you were born with it is something you bring upon yourself, stress, don't enough exercise, eating too much of the wrong foods, pregnancy or family history cause this particular disease. 2. Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. It effects the respiratory system In Type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells neglect the insulin. Insulin is needed for the body to be able to use sugar.
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. "In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths"(Lewis 1367).
People often do not realize how deadly and complicated diabetes is. When first diagnosed with diabetes patients may often be confused by how their lifestyle will have to change. Some patients may not even know how serious the complications may be. This information is to help not only the people who are affected by diabetes but also to inform everyone on how to help prevent the onset of diabetes.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease that can affect both children and adults. This disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. It claims about 178,000 lives each year. Type one diabetes, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, usually occurs in people less than thirty years of age, but it also may appear at any age. Diabetes is a very serious disease with many life threatening consequences, but if it is taken care of properly, diabetics can live a normal life.
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different disorders with different causes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system destroys the insulin producing cells, also known as beta cells, in the pancreas. Type 1 is also known to appear shortly after a viral infection. The
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder, in which the pancreas does not produce insulin. It usually begins in childhood or adolescence. In Type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system destroys beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that converts sugar, starches, and food into energy. Without insulin, blood glucose levels become too high, which is known as hyperglycemia. To prevent hyperglycemia, people with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to survive. Genetic and environmental factors affect the onset of Type 1 diabetes. [1] According to the American Diabetes Association, a predisposition to Type 1 diabetes is
Type 1 diabetes, also referred to as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or Juvenile Diabetes, can be caused by a genetic disorder. It can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults around 20 years old or before a person is 30 years of age. Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells, called the beta cells, in the pancreas, an organ located in the area behind the stomach. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy. In type 1 diabetes, these cells produce little or no insulin. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The body is unable to
Diabetes is a chronic disease which can be described according to its causes, symptoms and types. Diabetes is a chronic situation that affects the human body's capability to use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that directs the level of sugar in the blood. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), diabetes affects 25.8 million people. The causes of diabetes are diverse. However, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are one of causes. Heredity has critical impact in figuring out why should likely create type 1 diabetes. Environmental factors, such as foods, viruses, and toxins, may play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes . Symptoms of diabetes vary from one person to
As previously stated, there is Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Due to the differentiation, the etiology of diabetes is divergent. Being insulin-dependent, Type 1 diabetes is brought about by the immune system eradicating beta cells, leading to the deficiency of insulin. In contrast, Type 2 diabetes has a basis that can often times be prevented to an extent (“Causes of Diabetes”, 2014).
The cells of a diabetic have problems taking up glucose due to either the lack of insulin or a resistance to insulin. Instead, the sugar remains in the blood, resulting in the rise of blood glucose levels. The rise in blood glucose levels results in the disease that is broken down into two main types, type one diabetes and type two diabetes. Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease, meaning a disease in which the body 's immune system attacks healthy cells, that causes the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas to be destroyed. The immune system, by mistake, attacks its own insulin-producing cells so that insufficient amounts of insulin are produced or no insulin at all. Type one diabetes is also referred to as insulin dependent diabetes because people diagnosed with this type of diabetes are required to administer insulin injections into themselves. The possible causes for type one diabetes are linked to genetics or environmental circumstances. The possible genetic inheritance of type one diabetes is strongly linked with HLA-DQ and DR on chromosome 6, but genetic factors on other chromosomes such as the insulin gene on chromosome eleven and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen gene on chromosome two may lighten the disease risk. Other studies support the idea that environmental factors are important. Gestational infections, or infections in the womb, may contribute to initiation, whereas later infections may accelerate islet beta cell autoimmunity. The development of
Gestational diabetes only occurs in pregnant woman and it usually dissolves itself after birth. Although, women that develop gestational hyperglycemia are more likely to develop diabetes later in life. Type I is caused by an insulin deficiency. It accounts for less than 10% of all diabetic patients. The term type I diabetes includes insulin-dependent diabetes and juvenile-onset diabetes. Type II diabetes is caused by a defect in the secretion of insulin and resistance to insulin and can account for up to 95% of all diabetic patients. The term type II diabetes refers to non-insulin-dependent diabetes and adult-onset diabetes. Type II is found mostly in obese patients, or in patients that carry excessive weight in their abdominal region. This type of diabetes is more often considered genetic than autoimmune, even though the genetics are extremely
Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body produces too little insulin (Type One Diabetes) or can’t use available insulin efficiently ( Type Two Diabetes). Insulin is a hormone vital to helping the body use digested food for growth and energy.
Diabetes Mellitus is a debilitating disease that basically sucks the energy out of a person. This is caused by the failure of a person pancreas’s to produce valuable hormone called insulin. This failure in part causes a persons blood sugar level to be unbalanced, causing reduction in energy and maybe even nerve damage. In addition to this, diabetes can also be a major cause of adult blindness, the losing of maybe a foot or a finger, kidney failure, and a whole plethora of adverse effects to a person. Insulin is the one hormone that distributes the sugar energy to the other cells of the body. Diabetes is a chronic illness meaning that it will last a lifetime. There is currently no cure for Diabetes. Let us go into what
There are two main forms of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is a genetically autoimmune disease when the body produces an immune response against its own cells, and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or totally stop producing insulin at a young age. The far more common diabetes is type 2 diabetes, which are around 90% of all people with diabetes (World Health Organization, 1999) and is caused by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors. People with type 2 diabetes may still produce their own insulin, but the body cannot use them sufficiently, thus the blood glucose could not be balanced and cause long-term health complications due to the persistent high blood glucose levels. Such as damage to the kidneys, neurological system, cardiovascular system, retina and feet and legs through effects on both large and small blood vessels (Stratton et al.,