Essay on The Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes effects millions of people around the world (Michel & Montada-Atin, 2014). Most often, a person is diagnosed before their 30th birthday, with diagnosis commonly being between 11 and 13 years of age (Michel & Montada-Atin, 2014). Diabetes is a disease of the pancreas. More specifically, the breakdown of β cells in the pancreas causes the production of insulin to cease (Michel & Montada-Atin, 2014). Once the body is unable to

Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) is an unremitting disease where in the glucose in the blood is too high. Blood glucose level, or commonly known as the ‘blood sugar level’, are normally regulated by the hormone insulin that is made by the pancreas. Diabetes takes place when a problem in the hormone happens and how the body works. There are different types of diabetes – Type 1, Type 2, Impaired Glucose Metabolism, Gestational Diabetes and the Secondary Diabetes, but the two main

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from defective production or action of a pancreatic hormone called insulin (American Diabetes Association 2010). The function of insulin is to control glucose metabolism and balance its level in the blood. According to the body needs, insulin transports blood glucose into the cells for energy and cellular activities (American Diabetes Association 2010). In diabetes, due to failure of insulin action, the glucose remains in the blood and does not get into the cells. As a result, diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases accumulating together, which will then affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is the body’s energy mechanism to feed the cells and give strength to muscles and tissues. Glucose comes from the things you eat, mostly from the foods or drinks that include large amounts of sugar. “Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the US. It is estimated that 16.7 million US adults (about 7% of the total adult US population) have diagnosed diabetes. About 1 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed annually.” (Pittas, 2008) The main organ that is affected is the pancreas. With this disease, the levels of glucose are too low or too high, then insulin can be produced in the body. Insulin regulates

Type 1 diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs when your body cannot make enough insulin. Your body cannot make enough insulin because your beta cells are being destroyed by your immune system. This type of diabetes is more common in children and young adults, making it known as juvenile diabetes. Juvenile diabetes causes glucose to build up in your blood since there is not enough insulin. This causes the body’s cells to starve and increases the blood sugar. Some symptoms present in those who have type 1 diabetes are increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, irritability, unusual behavior, and blurred vision. Girls may also develop yeast

Type-1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. In Type-1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy needed for daily life. With Type-1, the cells in the pancreas make little or no insulin. This means there is not enough insulin to help glucose get into the cells. Instead, it is dumped into the urine and the body gets rid of it. Because of this, those with Type-1 diabetes have to inject insulin to help move glucose into the cells.

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease in which there is a high level of glucose in the blood. It can occur at any age. It is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas by special cells called beta cells. Insulin is needed to move blood glucose into cells. Inside the cells, glucose is stored and later used for energy. With type 1 diabetes, beta cells produce little or no insulin. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. This build-up of glucose in the blood is called hyperglycaemia. The body is unable to use the glucose for energy. This leads to the symptoms of type 1 diabetes. This is a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. With type 1 diabetes, an infection or another

It is defined as an increase in blood glucose levels diagnosed during the pregnancy and induced by the pregnancy. The hormones secreted by the placenta lead to the development of an insulin resistant state which is more pronounced during the last three months of the pregnancy. If uncontrolled, it can lead to abnormalities and complications in both the mother and the baby. It can lead to malformation of the heart/kidneys of the baby, low birth weight or even a large baby

Diabetes Type 1, or juvenile diabetes, takes place when the immune system begins to harm beta cells. This fails to allow the pancreas to give our body an adequate supply of insulin, a hormone that serves our body as a significant source for energy and glucose. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes type 1 was set apart as another type of illness from diabetes type 2 in 1959. The ADA explained how this disease has been then referred to as insulin-dependent because there were patients diagnosed with diabetes that could continue producing insulin and they caught the attention of doctors and researchers. After someone is diagnosed with diabetes type 1, that person will need everyday access to insulin or they will not

Prediabetes is diagnosed when blood glucose levels are high, but at this stage levels are not high enough to warrant prescription medications. Most patients who are pre-diabetic are more susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes later on in life, especially when lifestyles are not altered to help lower blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which white blood cells (WBCs) known as lymphocytes, attack beta cells; this causes a significant reduction in the body’s ability to produce enough insulin. A type 1 diabetic requires medication treatment in the form of insulin. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not respond to the insulin it produces, and over time this can lead to a decrease in insulin production. Not all type 2 diabetics require the dependency of insulin and can use other treatment options to help maintain blood glucose levels. (Hart & Loeffler, 2015). Gestational diabetes only occurs in women who are pregnant and can also eventually lead to type 2 diabetes (Adams & Proctor,

Diabetes is an genetic disorder that has no specific inheritance pattern. Type 1 Diabetes is often referred to as juvenile diabetes. This form of diabetes is either due to the body not producing enough insulin, or the body simply is unable to respond to the insulin within the body. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas, and its purpose is to regulate the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. It is needed to increase the transfer of sugar from the blood into the cells within the blood. If type 1 diabetes is ignored and goes untreated, a person may experience intense complications such as heart or kidney disease, blindness or stroke. Many people within North America, as well as other regions in the world die due to the complications that

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases which affect the amount of glucose in the blood. The high blood glucose levels are caused by the body not being able to produce enough insulin to meet its metabolic needs. Insulin is a hormone released from the pancreas which controls the amount of glucose in the blood. When there is too much glucose in the blood insulin will be released which will move glucose into the cells. Once in the cells the glucose is used as an energy source or it is stored as glycogen. There are two diseases which fall under diabetes mellitus which are type I and type II. In type I diabetes the body cannot produce insulin due to the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Type II diabetes is

Type 1 diabetes, previously known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is primarily a disease of the young given its peak incidence age of 10-12 years for girls and 12-14 years for boys. This disease can actually occur at any age, but most patients are diagnosed before the age of 20 years. Type1diabetes refers to cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta islet cells, which leads to insulin deficiency. The immune system mistakenly sees the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas as foreign and destroys them. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other foods into energy needed for daily life. Insulin serves as “key” to open your cells, to allow sugar to enter and with out insulin, the sugar stays and builds up in the blood resulting in the body’s cells to starve from lack of glucose.

Type I diabetes mellitus (DMII) was previous referred to as juvenile diabetes, as it was known to affect mainly children and young adults. Typically individuals diagnosed with this chronic illness find out at an earlier age and treatment as well as plan of care begin and adjust, as they get older. According to the Americans Diabetes Association, only 5% of people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus have this form, compared with type II that is usually associated with obesity and older age. With type I diabetes your body or specifically, your pancreas produces very little or no insulin whatsoever, in contrast to type II diabetes when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or may become resistant, which in turn will effect the breakdown of carbohydrates (Mayo Clinic, 2016). Our body uses organic compounds such as protein, lipids and carbohydrates to produce energy; carbs also referred to as sugar or glucose is our main source of energy amongst the three components. “Insulin is a hormone that the body needs to get glucose from the bloodstream into the cells of the body”, (American Diabetes Association, 2016). So without insulin, sugar cannot enter our cells for energy and the high levels remain in the blood, known as hyperglycemia. There is no known cause of this chronic illness, but research does believe genetics has some role in the disease process. The immune system of individuals with DMI mistakenly destroys insulin-producing cells, after a certain period of time

Hyperglycemia can be dangerous for the mother and the baby. It increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and congenital disabilities when glucose is not controlled. Diabetic complications are increased for the mother; they include diabetic ketoacidosis, retinopathy, pregnancy-induced high blood pressure and preeclampsia (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). Also, pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.