Diabetes: Genetic Imbalance In The Human Body

Diabetes is a complex disease which bonds together evolution and environmental factors and creates many health issues for humans. Diabetes (mellitus) is classified into three groups of metabolic diseases that involves high blood sugar (glucose) and it can occur in different ways depending on circumstances. Type 2 diabetes occurs when cells do not function correctly, and evidently the cells do not properly respond to insulin. Type 1 diabetes involves the body’s inadequate production of insulin, which is commonly referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes. What are the links between evolution, the environment and a staggering number of people diagnosed with diabetes?

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, is a chronic illness this means that it has no cure and the symptoms persist over a long period of time. This illness is a result of an imbalance of hormones, insulin, produced in the pancreas. Insulin plays an important role in how the body uses food. Insulin enables the cells in the bloodstream to absorb and use glucose for fuel. If the pancreas produces too little or no insulin or if the insulin doesn’t work properly the person may become diabetic. Therefore, diabetics are not able to properly convert food into fuels needed by the body to function, which can seriously lead to physical consequences.

Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that is found in a variety of age groups around the world. This disease is growing at a rapid rate and it is impacting the health of this generation and future generations to come. Diabetes is a disease that impairs the body’s ability to produce or respond to the insulin hormone produced by the pancreas. The insulin allows for the glucose to be effectively used as energy throughout the body. Diabetes causes carbohydrates to be abnormally digested, which can raise blood glucose levels. This means that the glucose is not being taken up by the cells that need it. The cells cannot take up the excess glucose that has accumulated in the blood, so it is excreted through the urine. This can lead to problems with the kidneys, central nervous system, heart, and eyes because high blood glucose can damage the blood vessels of these organs. This diseased is managed by adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber, increasing physical activity, losing excess weight, and not smoking. If this

Type-2 diabetes is a major, non-communicable disease with increasing numbers around the world. Type-2 diabetes occurs when the body cannot make enough insulin or the body is unable to consume the insulin that is produced. When type 2 diabetes is not properly managed, it can cause numerous health issues, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, leg and foot amputations, and sometimes death. Minor changes in a person’s lifestyle can reduce the risk of the onset of type-2 diabetes or can decrease the risk of co-morbidities that accompany this disease (Asif, 2014).

Everybody knows that obesity is a big factor in developing type-2 diabetes, and that part of coping with this metabolic disorder is lifestyle change. If blood glucose does not go down, then medicines are introduced. Some type-2 diabetics even have to administer insulin in order to keep their blood glucose levels

Insulin is a crucial thing in a Type One Diabetics life. It is the only treatment for them. Not to confuse you, but insulin is no cure by any means. Their pancreas has stopped making insulin, so they must inject themselves with insulin several times each day in order to stay alive. They also must check their blood glucose levels at least every five hours throughout the daytime to make sure it does not go to high or low and before each meal. The only real treatment for Type Two Diabetics is eating healthy foods and exercising daily. They also must check their blood glucose levels regularly, but not near as often. Some people do take insulin for their Diabetes to help their pancreas produce a little more insulin, but it is only required if food, exercise and medicine (pills) are not working.

Diabetes falls under two categories. Type 1, which is an autoimmune disease and is hereditary. In the United States as of 2012, statistics show that “29.1 million people have diabetes. Of the 29.1 million, 21.0 million were undiagnosed with Type 1”(Statistics About Diabetes, 2014). Type 2, which were formally known as “adult- onset” is where the “insulin target cells located on the target cells have changed in some ways and are no longer able to receive the insulin when it arrives to the target cell”(Caroline, N pg. 124). As many as 3 million Americans may have Type 1 diabetes. Each year, “more than 15,000 children and 15,000 adults – approximately 80 people per day – are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in the U.S.” (JDRF, 2014).

Patients with type 1 diabetes are believed to have acquired it through genetic disposition or an autoimmune abnormality caused by an environmental trigger. Essentially, the body’s pancreatic beta cells are destroyed, which in turn, inhibits the pancreas from either producing or secreting insulin. This caused a disarraying effect to all body systems. The cause of type 2 diabetes is said to be from an “imbalance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion” (Ralph A. DeFronzo). The pancreas is not producing adequate levels of insulin, seizing production of insulin or the insulin that is produced isn’t being used well (Kullman, 2006, p.146). This is an issue because sugar stays sedentary in the

Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn’t know how to use the very little insulin the pancreas produces if it produces any at all. While there is a rare possibility to have Type 1 diabetes but, that it is a genetic disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin causing the person to have to manually inject insulin. Since Type 2 diabetes is more of a controllable disease and know to be a “lifestyle” disease a person does not have to be on medication their whole life but they do have to take drugs orally that affect the glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes usually accompanies obesity and results from insulin resistance coupled with insufficient insulin secretion. When we ate

A disease caused by an abnormality that occur due to the inheritance of parent side. Diabetes is the one genetic disorders which cause by the body does not produce enough insulin and can cause many complications if high sugar levels for a long time. Moreover, hemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder which the symptoms are bleed longer than other people and can bleeding into joints, elbow, and ankles so that it becomes very swollen and painful.

Produced by beta cells in the pancreas, insulin is vital to humans’ existence. By regulating the cellular intake of glucose from the blood stream, insulin regulates the levels of sugar in the blood. It seems a very nominal process; however, disrupting the body’s production or response to insulin can have very dire consequences. Type 1 diabetes is when the body no longer produces insulin, and if left untreated, glucose, from food, and kentones, from fat degradation, will build up in the individual’s bloodstream. If left untreated, the condition is fatal. Type 2 diabetes is when the body’s cells are no longer responsive, or have a lessoned response, to insulin. Such a condition can cause poor circulation, resulting in amputations, and ailments such as blindness. Type 2 diabetes can also be fatal. Thus, even though synthetic insulin and corrective diets are available for diabetics, more research is needed to find ways to regenerate beta cells for individuals with type 1 diabetes. On a personal note, this subject matter appeals to me, because my younger brother had type 1 diabetes, and if enough people put hard work into researching this disease, maybe one day they will have a cure.

Over the last twenty decades, there has been a progress in scientific field which emerged spectacularly in producing a new technology. This technology is called genetic engineering which is reliant on separate a gene form one organism(donor) and inserting in to another( i.e. the recipient) of a different species. This method can be applied to animals, plants and mammals(Nicholl,2002) .This essay will argue that genetic engineering (GE) in human has the potential to become new method to enhance the medicine subject such as improvement of insulin ,which treats diabetes mellitus type 1 by using genetic engineering technology GET . In addition, gene therapy that address the genetic diseases that result from a genetic defect. Although, there

The human body is a very complex system in which thrives off of several different homeostatic balances. When the regulation of internal conditions doesn’t remain stable or constant it is referred to as a homeostatic imbalance, which is usually connected to a certain disease or disorder. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type two is a metabolic disorder where the body does not use insulin sufficiently and is usually referred to as insulin deficient. It is the most common form of diabetes and is, in most cases, not inevitable. This disease is said to be the oldest disease known and dates back 3000 years ago before a distinction was discovered between the different types. There are several things in which are secondary and or come hand in hand with

Diabetes can come in two types, i.e type 1 and 2, which are caused by genetics or poor dietary habits. This can cause conditions like hyperglycemia which is, “a blood sugar level that is higher than normal”(Goodheart, 1990, p.117). The opposite of this is hypoglycemia which is, “a blood sugar that is lower than normal”(Goodheart, 1990, p.117). Research into blood glucose was then extensively done to help out with managing Diabetes since there was no cure. This led to the creation of synthetic insulin that diabetics inject themselves to regulate their levels and the glucometer that was a convenient device that would read you your level by a prick of the finger. Some things are still not completely know about blood in general.We do not really understand why diabetes is both genetic and brought on by one’s own actions. The basic concept of them is grasped but why it happens is still unclear. Nevertheless, we have found out the problems behind them and other blood conditions and have pioneered techniques and medications to treat said conditions. Furthermore, just because a person has a low level or a high level, it does not mean that there is anything wrong with them. The blood glucose of people are constantly fluctuating depending on what they ate or how active they are which is why, “it goes up shortly after a meal...and goes down when a person hasn’t eaten for a long time”(Silverstein, 1994, p.28). Blood glucose is very susceptible to changes in