Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)

Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigs or vape pens are so often negatively looked upon as sources of addiction, rather than the health cigarette substitute they really are. E-cigarettes allow the delivery of nicotine to the blood without the nasty side effects caused by tars and carcinogens in traditional cigarettes. The electronic cigarette was patented by Herbert A. Gilbert in 1963, who lived in a society where smoking was generally accepted or even the norm but he saw the dangers of smoking tobacco and was one of the first to try to innovate alternate intake methods. 40 years later Han Lik, a chinese businessman, began to further expand on Herbert A. Gilberts idea of delivery of nicotine without the plethora of harmful chemicals in a lit cigarette. An electronic cigarette is a battery powered device often designed to look like a regular cigarette, inside the e-cig is an atomizer which heats up a liquid containing nicotine. When heated up the liquid becomes a vapor that can be inhaled, similar to cigarette smoke.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that deliver aerosolized nicotine to the user by heating a liquid (typically propylene glycol) containing nicotine and flavoring agents. Most devices share a common design – a plastic tube containing a battery, an airflow sensor, a heating element and a cartridge containing the liquid (Figure 1).

The popularity of e-cigarettes and vapes has grown exponentially within the last couple of years. These two alternatives offer a “safe” way to consume nicotine or just a substitute to regular cigarette smoking. These products omit water vapor instead of tobacco smoke, constructing it as less of a health risk. Nicotine can be added to the mixture to help quit smoking or offer a healthier option to those with nicotine dependence. There has not been widespread research on conventional e-cigarettes, in addition to data on vapes been relatively premature. These smoking devices have not be regulated by the FDA yet, but the FDA has looked into e-cigarettes and its contents (FDA, 2015). Many e-cigarettes that are thought to be free of nicotine, have

There is a new trend hitting the market known as e-cigarettes, or “vaping.” Many people believe that e-cigarettes are better than traditional cigarettes, but research shows just how unhealthy and harmful e-cigarettes are for everyone. The FDA has not yet decided if e-cigarettes should be regulated like tobacco products. E-cigarettes are marketed to help people quit smoking and live a healthier nonsmoking life. E-cigarettes are meant to help break the habit of smoking, but why are there so many “toxic chemicals” (Gilger) in the vapor? Is this new invention to help people quit smoking or just another way for tobacco companies to get richer?

Subsequently, e-cigarettes are known to be dangerous at any rate, because they contain toxic chemicals such as lead, formaldehyde, propylene, and many more which are all popular for initiating cancer (SCOPE, 31). More importantly, people exposed to secondhand smoke released (as vapor) from e-cigarettes should take extra precaution, because the vapor contains many carcinogens, as mentioned earlier, all a factor of cancer (www.lung.org, 2015). Be

In addition to nicotine, e-cigarettes emit other potentially harmful constituents like carbonyls that result from thermal degradation of propylene glycol and glycerol; which are the most commonly used solvents in e-liquids [PMCID: PMC5226727]. Several studies reported that aerosols from these devices contain significant levels of carbonyls, including various aldehydes; such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein. [PMID: 23467656], [PMID: 24958024]. To this end, although earlier studies that used first generation e-cigarette devices did show that the levels of these constituents are much lower than those found in tobacco smoking, more recent studies in which newer generations

Electronic cigarettes (also called e-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems) are battery-operated devices designed to deliver nicotine with flavorings and other chemicals to users in vapor instead of smoke. There are three main categories of e-cigarettes: cigalikes, looking like cigarettes, either disposable or with rechargeable batteries and replaceable nicotine cartridges; tank systems, bigger than cigalikes with refillable liquid tanks; and mods, assembled from basic parts or by altering existing products.[11] A cigalike e-cigarette contains a atomizer, which is connected to a battery. E-cigarettes are generally cylindrical, with many variations.[9]

For years, there have been studies to suggest that e-cigarette release toxic compounds. However, the source for such findings was recently discovered at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and it indicates that there is not a direct link to the source, but rather wide range of individual factors like temperature and age, for example, that differently affect the emission levels. Toxic chemicals like acrolein and formaldehyde are released from e-cigarettes which decomposes the two solvents (propylene glycol and glycerin) that are used in the vaporization of e-cigarettes. To find the ingredients used in the vapor, researchers compared two different e-cigarettes using gas and a liquid chromatography. They discovered that the puffs which are

According to research, Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are products that contain nicotine containing aerosol commonly called vapor. The nicotine content of the cartridge from some brands revealed poor concordance of labeled and content. Stimulate e-cigarette use revealed that individual puffs contained from 0 to 35ug nicotine per puff. How this application became so popular? The United States patent this application described as the e-cigarette as an electronic atomization cigarettes that functions as substitutes to help people quit smoking cigarettes. On the contrast, Chamber study,( Flouris et al) compared emissions of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarette in conditions designed for an approximate smoky bar (target air CO of ppm) using machine-smoked e-cigarettes and

“In a recent report, laboratory analyses carried out by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) failed to find carcinogens and toxic chemicals in most of the electronic cigarettes tested with a single exception: about 1% of diethylene glycol (DEG) were detected in the liquid of one of the 18 samples, however this not represent a toxic quantity” (Caponnetto). Because electronic cigarettes use a vaporization process instead of a combustion process, the low temperature required by a e-cig device suggests that this device is unlikely to produce cigarette toxins. “Nicotine per se does not cause much risk when separated from inhaling cigarette smoke” (Caponnetto). The small amount of substances released when vaping do not attack the user's body with carcinogenic tar or toxins, that are usually associated with tobacco

In 2003, Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik developed the electronic cigarette: a product designed to release aerosol by heating a liquid cartridge containing propylene glycol, glycerol, flavoring additives, and/or nicotine (Grana et al. 6). E-cigarettes use a plastic tube and an electronic heating element to stimulate a liquid cartridge. A nicotine-containing vapor, with few harmful elements, is released from the cartridge and inhaled by the user. (Franck et al. 2).

Electronic cigarettes, e-pipes and e-cigars are collectively referred to as Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). They allow users to inhale vapor containing nicotine and other substances (Unknown, 2016). Unlike nicotine patches and gums used in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), e-cigarettes are designed to mimic the act of tobacco smoking by producing a pleasant flavored vapour that is similar to tobacco smoke and delivers nicotine. In comparison to traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes are

E-cigarettes appear as an innocent alternative to the real thing but the Food and Drug Administration issued an advisory identifying the “volatile” substances in the device and its emitted smoke may not be that harmless after all (“FDA: Second-Hand Smoke From E-Cigarettes May Be Harmful To Your Health”, 2013). Electronic cigarettes contain organic substances including propylene glycol, flavors, and nicotine which are emitted as a mist into the air in enclosed areas. FDA studies show that these microscopic liquid particles have the possibility of penetrating deep into our lungs. Also cited by the FDA in a German publication on electronic cigarettes shows

In 2003, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) were first manufactured in China. These products were later debuted in the U.S. market in 2006 as novel tobacco products and have been gaining popularity since (1,2,3). ENDS, such as e-cigarettes, are battery powered devices that heat a solution typically containing nicotine in order to create a vapor without the combustion of tobacco. This liquid is inhaled into the lungs and then exhaled similar to traditional cigarettes. The solution, also known as e-liquid, can contain various levels of nicotine (including no nicotine) and is available in various flavors (2,3,4).

Electronic cigarette takes the form of the real tobacco cigarette smoking devices of pipes, cigars or cigarettes. However, most of the e-cigarette comes in various appealing and innovative devices of ballpoint pens or screw drivers. Most e-cigarette implements could be re-used as they come with replaceable and refillable equipment. On the other hand some of the electronic cigarette devices are disposable.