Emotions and risks perception The concept of affect, emotions, moods In psychology, emotions and moods are phenomena that have been grouped under the umbrella term affect (Hosany & Gilbert, 2010). Affect is a term used to define “good” or “bad” as a feeling state initiated by a positive or negative stimulus that is consciously or unconsciously experienced (Peters, Burraston, & Mertz, 2004; Slovic & Peters, 2006). However, moods and emotions are two distinct affective states that differ in intensity (Cohen & Areni, 1991). Moods are mild, transient and pervasive feeling states that can be caused by a multitude of stimuli (Gardner, 1985). For example, a person who reads an article in the newspaper about the drop in fuel prices will start the day in a good mood as this implies money savings next time at the gas station. However, this positive mood can easily disappear and be replaced by a negative mood when the ride to work lengthens due to road traffic. In contrast, emotions are intense feelings that are associated with specific stimuli that trigger specific behavioural responses (Cohen & Areni, 1991; Hosany & Prayag, 2013). For example, a person who receives a raise at work will experience feelings of joy and happiness leading to more dedication in the work place. Similarly, a person who waits 45 minutes at a restaurant to dine will feel disappointment and frustration and may decide to choose a different restaurant. Beside their aforementioned differences, feelings
Our emotions affect us in so many ways. Emotions affect the way we behave, our views and opinions, our relationships and our decision-making; therefore, they are very relevant to our day-to-day lives. It is important that people have an understanding of these emotions and that they are able to interpret them. Emotions can both help and hinder our ability to best live our lives. It is also important to realize that even our emotions are shaped and biased by our environment and those close to us.
Emotions are used in our everyday lives help us understand and comprehend a situation. The way we feel can affect the way we think through a situation and the situation that we make. Our emotions are expressed when we play sports, when a loved one dies, or when we see our newly born baby for the first time. Emotions are a state of consciousness like joy, sorrow, fear, hate, and love. Whenever we are presented with a situation, our brain responds in feelings, and our feeling determine what will happen next.
In Affect - A basic Summary of approaches, Andrew Murphie puts forth thought on the concept of affect and how it directly correlates with the language. Affect is described as what occurs right before one becomes aware of how they are feeling, and thus turning that feeling into an emotion. That being true, affect is moment to moment and is constantly changing, for emotion is continually being altered in order for one to be fully present in every point in time. Affect comes and goes instantaneously, for at the instant when it comes, one makes an effort to put affect into words, turning the affect into a feeling or emotion and it is gone. Affect cannot be put into language, but it is always something that will be with one. That being said, one cannot describe one’s affect to another. Though, by trying to talk about one’s affect, one must speak about the instant that created said affect, and by expressing one’s thoughts about their moment to moment experience, one can try to evoke a similar experience in another’s mind.
Attempts to define “emotion” have proved to be rather difficult. Instead of searching for a comprehensive definition, Gross (2011) describes the three core features of emotions. First, emotions occur when an individual decides that a situation is relevant to his or her goals. Second, emotions are multi-faceted, and involve both subjective and physiological experiences, as well as behaviors. The third feature involves the authoritative nature of emotions. They have the powerful ability to interrupt ongoing processes, assert their priority over other activities, and force their way into awareness. For example, some traditions describe emotions as “disorganized interruptions of mental activity” (Salovey & Mayer, 1989). Emotions are such an
Our emotions in many cases affect our perception of events as well as the actions that we take ourselves by permeating our way of thinking, and therefore affecting each thing that we do in that moment. In particular, emotions about the perception of ourselves have been shown to have both the ability to positively and negatively affect our actions and performances in life. This is what can be
Emotions are used in everyday life, whether it be just a simple smile that makes happiness disperse in your brain, or a death of a loved one that causes sadness. The basic emotions are joy, interest, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt. The way we see emotion in ourselves and others can be very complex because we sometimes assume they feel a certain way just based on their actions or even facial expressions. When emotion is discussed in psychological terms, it is not based on one thing, instead it’s a mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience. Many theories try to explain how emotion works.
People are shaped into individuals through many defining attributes – from the way we communicate and the way we express ourselves to a person’s morals and ethics. Coincidentally, these are all linked through one major omniscient trait – emotions. Emotions contain a wide spectrum of subcategories, but these can basically be broken down into the two elementary divisions: happiness and sadness. These ups and downs are crucial for people to be themselves; to have their own stories and experiences to tell.
In contrast,emotion is a strong feeling which is shown and connects to other factors such as a person’s circumstances, mood or relationships with others. However, individuals who interact with people and things as part of their daily lives, play a part in anybody’s emotional state, making them feel positively or negatively about that experience.
Fayard, J. V., Roberts, B. W., Robins, R. W., & Watson, D. (2012). Uncovering the Affective
Emotions are things that we feel. We can feel a certain way and our choice on our emotions and the actions we make in order to feel this way and the words we say in order to feel better are on
So why does fear take over people's emotions and prevent them from reacting in a certain situation? In a manner of speaking, fear motivates the soul in us humans, to make sure that we are not left alone with our own thoughts. Although this could be seen daily, when one is about to lose someone very close to them, others will hide away, while fear dominates them till they feel nothing and are gone mentally in this world. Studying how people react when facing their fear, it will explain in most parts why fear is such a complex feeling. Fear is something we tend to ask ourselves at points in time, but why is that we as humans do that? Is it for the comfort that we really do need fear in our lives to make sure nothing goes wrong? For without the
Researchers have debated about the phenomenon with emotions. Debates on this topic have and will continue to for many more years. Researchers have attempted to understand why one has emotions and came up with the five different theories. The first theory is the James-Lange theory, which argues that an event can cause physiological arousal first and, it can be interpret this as an arousal. Second theory is the Cannon-Bard theory that argues that all humans experience a physiological arousal and an emotional one at the same time. It still does not give any attention to the role of the thoughts or an outward
The main idea of Affective Events Theory is the affective experience such as moods and emotions as crucial link in shaping attitudes and behaviours (Rosen, Harris & Kacmar, 2009). Based on Greenberg (2011), positive mood leads to positive memory
The goal of the experiment conducted by Renner, Schwarz, Peters, and Huibers (2014) was to determine the effects of emotions in healthy individuals with a best possible self (BPS) writing and imagery exercise following a negative mood induction. The study included a total of 40 participants from Maastricht University, thirty-two women and 8 men. Initially, participants were assigned to either the experimental or control group. In the experimental group, subjects wrote about their best possible self for fifteen minutes and engaged in a mental imagery task for five minutes to reflect on what they had written in order to induce positive emotions. In the control group, subjects instead wrote about their typical day for the
There are, in theory, an infinite number of shades of possible human emotions. A crucial point of difference between theories concerns how these emotions relate to one another (Sloboda and Juslin 2001: 76). The majority of research to date follows the concept of basic emotions; “the notion that there is a small number of discreet, innate, and universal emotion categories from which all other emotions may be derived” (Juslin and Laukka 2003: 771). Though there are slight labeling discrepancies between theorists, the basic emotions are typically taken as