Unit 30 – Health Psychology Models of health related behaviour and contemporary issues in health psychology. In this assignment I will concentrate on two theories of behaviour; health belief model (HBM) and the Theory of Reasoned Action. I will also look at factors that affect our approach to health and illness; poverty and age. Finally I will look at two different specific health issues; addiction and eating disorders, I will also look at the similarities and the differences between eating disorders and addictions. P1. In this part of my assignment I will describe 2 different theories of behaviour change in relation to health. The Health Belief Model was originally founded by Rosenstock in 1966 and was later amended by …show more content…
This is the model that ageing is displayed most commonly through media and advertising, where older people are characterised as hard of hearing, bent over, using a walking stick and suffering from dementia and other mental health disorders. The alternative model to this is the ‘personal growth model’. This model provides the positive on ageing, or growing older; becoming wiser, seeing children grow up, grandchildren, great grandchildren, spare time for hobbies; sewing, kitting. When on a placement in a care home, the elderly were treated without respect, they were shouted at by the staff and poor manual handling was used when moving the elderly residents. This was just one care home out of hundreds, not all care homes are like this and the clients will be treated with respect and dignity. Some people stereotype people who are older. In the UK, 1in 20 people over 65 have been refused treatment by the NHS; with 1 in 10 people over 50 believe that this was because of their age. Poverty also influences our responses to health and illness. The level of income below that which people cannot afford a minimum, nutritionally adequate diet, suitable and secure housing, heating and hot water, and beds to sleep on. There are many major impacts of what poverty can do to health, are caused by the absence of; Safe water – if water is unsafe
Growing up, the business world has always intrigued me, however I am far more curious and eager to develop knowledge about the operations of Business management and human resources. I have strong beliefs that the business world would not be successful without driven individuals who are respected and are developed in a positive working environment.
Poverty tends to impact society on several different levels, whether it may be through the impact of the economy, social effects, education, health, but most importantly malnutrition; which is said to be the most common effect of poverty. Poverty affects millions of Americans by limiting their choices to cheap and unhealthy foods. It also limits the physical access to healthy food choices as it relates to diet costs and reliable access to the proper resources, which in turn creates a direct correlation between poverty which leads to obesity, as well as other diseases.
Also, there is not supermarket near their houses . As well , people who live in musty places are difficult for them to breathe because of asthma , and they don't have access to medicines , so bleakness has a mental illness result such as the high rate of self-killing . The writers agree on that poverty is the main cause of sickness and obesity . Furthermore , income is the most reliable predictor of illness and obesity . Even though the health of those who have sufficient income has remained fairly , the health of those who are working and still living in poverty has deterioration . There are many effects on health of being homeless or forced to live in unsafe and unhealthy conditions; getting enough healthy food due to its high cost ; poor environment ; poverty and the lace of support are impair a child's developement. CMA helps highlighting the profile of poverty as adeterminant of health as Dr. Reid mentioned . Canada needs discussion on these issues include policy markers, government at all levels , the general public with the health care system , In my opinion , I think that poverty is a dangerous phenomenon all around the world which is opposed by all nations. It is the material deprivation that results in decline at all levels , particularly education, health , and
Socioeconomic Conditions – The text states it well that the connection between poverty and poor health is well-documented and undeniable. (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2017). Access to affordable health care is a challenge for those at the poverty level.
Studies show that people living in poverty face adverse living conditions which are associated with various ranges of health problems (Raphael, 2007). This means that people who live in poverty are more likely to suffer from chronic illness such as: coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and various form of cancers. As a result of poverty, individuals are more likely to have a lower life expectancy and higher mortality rate because of those facing numerous chronic illnesses. People living in poverty or in a low income bracket are more likely to be less healthy and have more medical conditions compared to their counterparts. As a result, they are more likely to be in the hospital more frequently with more complicated healthcare needs (Williamson, Stewart, Hayward, Letourneau, Makwarimba, Masuda, Rainee & Reutter, and Rootman & Wilson, 2006).
One of the main determinants of Health and Illness globally is poverty. Poverty and poor health worldwide are intricately linked. Health is a multifactor reality, and there are many elements which influence our wellbeing; food, water, shelter, clothing, education, etc. And what they all have in common is that poverty undermines access to all of these basic elements.
The barriers that stand in the way of maintaining a good health vary from one country to another. Moreover, within the same country these barriers vary depending on the socio-economic status of the individual. For individuals living in Canada, the main barrier to maintaining a good health is poverty. Even though poverty does not cause a disease directly, people living in poverty are lacking the resources to mitigate it. Poverty is a significant issue because it affects the health indirectly through the individual’s access to healthcare, housing and nutrition.
For those who are rich and powerful in the United States, they do not have to worry about how their health might be affected by their financials. The reality is, everyone else has to deal with connection between health and poverty. The cost to be healthy is expensive, so when there is a shortage in money it also puts your health at risk. The effects that poverty has on your wellbeing is connected to the lack of healthcare, and substance abuse, as well as the increase in
Article 15, “Health and Wealth,” states that some of the factors which led to poor health are inequality, poverty, and the way we organize out health care system. Even though all these factors are involved but the main reason leads to poverty. Poverty seems to be the key reason because everything costs so much. Most of the Americans are not paid enough to meet their personal need and barely have enough money to make their ends meet. The struggle of trying to be on the economic level hurts their health because people tend to take a lot of stress. Poverty has a lot of dangers like consumption of too much alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and fast foods. This sort of lifestyle can have a great impact on health causing some dangerous diseases. Some of the other leading diseases that can be found in the poor are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and untreated medical conditions, because they cannot afford the health care systems. Even the middle class society worries about medical emergencies or trips to the doctor’s office because they are not sure, what might be covered in their insurance.
Poverty health risks derives from the lack of education and occupational status. Someone with a low socioeconomic status most likely has
Conner and Norman, 1995 describe the health belief model as ‘the oldest and most widely used model in health psychology’. It originated in the 50’s and was developed further by Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegals throughout the 1980’s for health education programmes and to predict different health behaviours and responses to treatments. The four terms that are the basis for the HBM are perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, perceived severity and perceived benefits. The behaviour of the individual depends on their belief that they are susceptible to a health problem, how serious they deem it to be, whether they think that treatment will benefit them and if there are barriers that may get in the way.
In this assignment I will be explain two different health psychology issues and explaining them. The two different issues I have decided to talk about are eating disorders and childbirth. I will then compare the two health psychology issues in relation to their common themes and also their different.
In society today, there is an extensive range of definitions of health and wellbeing which can be seen as both positive and negative. A Holistic view can also be identified and defined. These definitions of health have changed over time and will carry on changing within the future. According to where a family lives or their social class everyone will have different meanings and views of health and wellbeing. This may be due to what one person perceives as being healthy as another person may not. Channel 4 learning (no date) describes that a positive view of health can be seen as when a person is more likely to achieve and sustain physical fitness from exercising and are mentally stable. Therefor a negative view can be described when a
Poverty can lead to serious effects. Children who grow up in poverty are likely to have frequent health problems than the children who grow in better financial circumstances. For example, infants who are born into poverty have a low birth weight, and they grow up with mental or physical disabilities. Not only are they sick, but they are most likely to die before their first birthday. Children who are raised in poverty might miss school often because of their illnesses, and they have a much higher accident rate than the other children. Nearly a billion of the world’s population can’t read nor write. Poor families experience stress much more than a normal family does. They are more likely to be exposed to negative events such as illness, job loss, death of a family member, and depression. Homelessness is another effect of poverty. Homeless children are less likely to receive proper nutrition, protection and they experience more health problems. Around 1.4 million children die each year from lack of access to safe and clean water and proper nutrition. Homeless women experience a high rate of low birth weight infants as well as miscarriages. Families who do not have homes receive much more stress than other families. They also have disruption in school, work, friendships, and family relationships. There are other effects of poverty such as drug abuse and addiction, child and woman abuse, debts pressure, and increase in crimes.
Health and well-being is a high priority in current health and social care provision. The importance of promoting health and well-being is due to the dramatically increasing trend of morbidity and mortality from health problems, illness and chronic disease. Physiotherapists have potentially a significant role in the multidisciplinary health promotion arena. As physiotherapists can promote health in dynamic of ways and make contribution to the community. The promotion of health to enable individuals suffers from illness or has chronic conditions to improve their potential for healthy living.