Management Theories

Max Weber was a German sociologist who first described the concept of bureaucracy, an ideal form of organizational structure. He defines bureaucratic administration as the exercise of control on the

His 14 universal principles of management, listed in Table 1.1, were intended to show managers how to carry out their functional duties. Fayol’s functions and principles have withstood the test of time because of their widespread applicability. In spite of years of reformulation, rewording, expansion, and revision, Fayol’s original management functions still can be found in nearly all management texts. In fact, after an extensive review of studies of managerial work, a pair of management scholars

Theories gave organizations a framework for knowledge and a guide to achieving their goals. The Industrial Revolution prompted the need for better supervision of workers to boost productivity within the automobile, steel, and coal industries. It is because of this need that the various theories of management began to take shape.

Critically, an early pioneer of this managerial structure within organisations was Henri Fayol. Fayol devised a ‘common sense’ view of the managerial responsibilities

Management theories are utilized in various organizations in an effort to increase organizational effectiveness and service delivery. The management theory that an organization decides to adhere to will vary based on the type of organization, as well as, the services and/or products that it offers. Therefore, it is not uncommon for an organization to use multiple theories when implementing strategies in the workplace.

Henri Fayol was acknowledged as one of the founders of contemporary management practices. His theories were the cornerstone of management as a discipline and a field (Mildred et al, 2010). Fayol advocated 14 management principles which were to be used as a guide to make a successful manager (Wren, 1995). These principles were: division of duties, authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of self-interest, remuneration, centralisation, line of

In this essay, I have chosen to discuss how Max Weber (1864-1920) and Henri Fayol (1841-1925) compare and contrast in their ideology and contributions to the field of management. Max Weber focused on how to structure an organisation to become successful. He developed six main elements to promote this success, which he considered would develop efficiency. He called it bureaucracy. Bureaucracy has its advantages and disadvantages, it was considered to be “both rational and efficient” (Tiernan, Morley, 2013, p. 17), but for example Weber’s rather strict division of labour also led to workers becoming bored and unmotivated. The six elements that he created were; Division of labour, Hierarchy, Selection, Career orientation, Formalisation and Impersonality.

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) was a theorist who believed in a theory which was based on how management interacts with the performance of a business. Management theory is defined as ‘bringing change in actual behaviour’ (chapter 2 article). In this modern day, many businesses rely on Fayol’s Classic theory to manage staff effectively. Fayol introduced the idea of splitting crucial activities that firms carry out on a day to day basis into 6 separate groups (technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting and management). However, out of those activities, Fayol believed that managerial activities within organisations, whether they are big or small, where senior jobs are present, most important. (Henri Fayol article 1949) He came to the conclusion that within the managerial sector, there are five elements. This included, planning, organisation, command, coordination and control. These were listed in his book General and Industrial Administration (1916) (Henri Fayol article 1949). This essay is going to explore different interpretations of management and specifically comparing classical theorists such as Fayol and Taylor as well as humanist theorists such as McGregor and finally, empirical theorists such as Luthen. This essay will also analyse Fayol’s theory and how it has been criticised over the years.

Management theories are essential to any business or organization as they assist the top management to know more and understand more their staff and also learn the management the ways to how to motive their staff to achieve the assigned target. Management theories assist the top managements to set motivation plans to increase the staff productivity which will lead to enhancing the overall performance. Management theories learn the manager how to effective leaders as these theories give the solution to any business issue that can face the manager and give also the solution to how to deal with the staff to obtain from them the desired target with full efforts from them. Management theories help

Max Weber can be classified in the bureaucratic management perspective of the classical discipline. Weber's interest in organizations evolves from his view of the institutionalization of power and authority. He constructed a "rational-legal authority" model of an ideal type bureaucracy. This ideal type rested on a belief in the "legality" of patterns of normative rules and the right of those elevated to authority to issue commands (legal authority) (Hartman, n.d.). Weber suggested the rules and regulations of a bureaucracy serve to insulate its members against the possibility of personal preference. Furthermore, the application of Weber’s bureaucracy theory sought to articulate the components necessary to manage a well-structured government bureaucracy. Considering the theory emphasized the need for a hierarchical structure of power, rooted in five key elements: division of labor and functional

Along with everything in life, change is almost a factor for the future. Over the decades, scientific management has evolved immensely. During the early decades of scientific management, the demands of work intensified. Workers were not impressed nor satisfied with the environment that they worked in and became furious with their employers. During one of Taylor 's own implementations of his scientific management method at the Watertown Arsenal in Massachusetts, workers began to

According tot the Administrative Management Theory, management is the process of getting certain tasks completed through the use of people. In this theory developed by Henri Fayol, he believes that it was very important to have the use of a multiplied of people instead of just relying on one person alone. Henri Fayol is known today as the “Father of Modern Management”, his theory has shaped what is know today as the Administrative Model, which relies on Fayols fourteen principles of management. These principles have been a significant influence on modern management; they have helped early 20th century manager learn how to organize and interact with their employees in a productive way. Fayols principles of management were the ground work in which his theory was formed. He believed highly in the division of work throughout a project and within the project he believed that the task at hand had to be done with a certain level of discipline in order for the division of work to be able to run smoothly without error.

Early management theories adopted by such proponents as Henri Fayol, Mary Parker Follett and Max Weber are relevant in todays’ world. In this essay I am going to discuss about all three theorists and how their theories are still relevant for managers in the 21st century in meeting the challenges. In the classical approach to management there are three branches under it. They are, scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organisation. Henry Fayol and Mary Parker Follett developed theories for administrative principles and Max Weber developed a theory for bureaucratic organisation (Schermerhorn et al. 2014, p.36). First we will be going through Henri Fayol and then Mary Parker Follett as they both made theories

Henri Fayol (1841-1925), was ‘’famous for the classical school of management, which emphasises command and control’’. (Robinson, 2005) He is deemed to be one of the founders of general management; also referred to as the administrative theory and later on becoming known as ‘Fayolism’.

Where scientific management theory focuses on individuals in the workplace, administrative management focuses on the work group. This theory was developed by Henri Fayol and is the process of getting things done through people and gives importance to groups and not to individual people. Fayol is also known as the “Father of Modern Management”. Henry Fayol published his book in 1916 titled “Industrial and General Administration” and gave his own 14 rules of management. These 14 rules of management that should guide an organization and put an emphasis on chain of command, allocation of authority, order, efficiency, equity, and stability. (Lunenberg, Irby, 2013). Fayol was also the first person to recognize that management is an ever continuous process.