Marladies Of The Human Body

• *Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and of RNA molecules. Reference Table 4.1.

Since DNA has the instructions for making protein we usually wonder how is it able to make ribosomes if DNA is stored within the nucleus. This is when a handy tool comes in called transcription and copies the DNA into mRNA so it can be reached outside of the cell.

Two structural differences between DNA and RNA would be that RNA contains ribose while DNA is missing the hydroxyl group form its ribose. Also, RNA is created by transcription of a gene locate in the cells of DNA. DNA is doubled stranded whereas RNA is single stranded.

Structure and function in Biology is a broad concept that can be explored within a diverse range of topics across the subject matter. The following essay will be focussed mainly on the subject of Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or more commonly DNA. DNA is a highly complex, intricate and extraordinary macromolecule found within all living cells. DNA is a "biochemical noun" and can be defined as "...a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information." [Oxford Dictionary, c2016] DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, enclosed within a double membrane. Eukaryotic cells are multifaceted and require a high level of regulation to ensure smooth functioning. The double membrane of the nucleus allows gene expression, a key function of DNA, to be efficiently regulated.

A gene is a region of a nucleic acid that contains hereditary biological information. For all cells, the nucleic acid is double stranded DNA, and it provides information for synthesis of RNA, and into protein, which is then expressed as hereditary traits in human.

Physical activity patterns differ between human populations. Some populations can vary physically as well as biologically. Many of the different phenotypes humans express depend on variables like genetics, geographic location, and culture just to name a few. These variables lead to biomechanical differences in humans such as increased oxygen uptake, varying anthropometrics, as well as minute differences in DNA. These physical alterations help populations in vastly different environmental and cultural conditions survive. One physical activity pattern that we see significant variation between two populations is long-distance running. Here I compare the proximate-mechanistic variation of oxygen intake levels as well as the genetic differences of runners from Africa to runners from other continents.

DNA contains the genetic information for producing proteins. Firstly, the DNA coding leaves the nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm where it is read and synthesized into a single protein. However, if a mutation occurs it affects the DNA coding for proteins. For example, Progenies was resulted by a mutation that occurred in the DNA, which caused the transcribed

DNA replication is necessary for organisms to stay alive and reproduce. When cells replicate, the DNA must also be copied so the daughter cells contain the genetic information necessary to perform key chemical reactions. Cells have machinery that read the information in DNA and use these instructions to make proteins. To make proteins, the DNA must first unwind in order to be "read." This small section is then replicated to form a single stranded RNA strand. The RNA strand then forms what is called messenger RNA or simply mRNA. The mRNA is used to make the proteins the cell needs.

DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded. DNA is only found inside the nucleus and RNA can travel outside of the nucleus. There is one type of DNA and 3 kinds of RNA. DNA has a nitrogenous base named thymine that pairs with adenine. In RNA instead of Thymine it has Uracil that pairs with adenine.

During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

DNA is most often used to store genetic information, while RNA serves as a host of functions. 2) Name and discuss at least three things does RNA do in the cell, based on what you learned in the video and the tutorials. Based on what I’ve learned in the video and the tutorials. RNA plays three major roles in the cell as DNA photocopy (mRNA) as a coupler between the genetic code and the protein building blocks (tRNA), and as a structural component of ribosomes (rRNA).

DNA is a self-replicating material that's present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. The shape of DNA is a double helix, the sides are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar is deoxyribose. The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. A base pair is two chemical bases bonded to one another forming a the rungs DNA ladder. The DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a subtype of RNA. An mRNA molecule carries a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for processing. mRNA is created during transcription. During the transcription process, a single strand of DNA is decoded by RNA

Walker, Richard.3-D human body. London: DK, 2011. Print. Walker, Richard. E. guides: human body. New York: Doring Kingsley, 2005.

Besides, nucleic acids convey information that is utilized as a part of the development of particular proteins by living cells. This is because DNA arrangement doesn 't consider the most comparative structures of some amino acids to others and the comparable practical part they have in the protein. For instance, valine and isoleucine

One of the fundamental discoveries of the 20th century was that DNA was the genetic code’s physical structure (Watson & Crick, 1953) and, since then, many studies have disclosed the complicated pattern of regulation and expression of genes, which involve RNA synthesis and its subsequent translation into proteins.