Radiological Analysis In Child Abuse

Injuries occurring during birth are denoted to as birth trauma or obstetrical injuries and they are associated with different etiological causes. The important causes of birth trauma are macrosomia, breech presentation, shoulder dystocia, and forceps-assisted deliveries [3]. Traumatizing maneuvers during the deliveries will result in these fractures in the assisted deliveries [4]. The trauma may occur due to use of forces, excessive traction or pulling, unintended pressure on soft organs such as eyes. Trauma to the limb usually occurs when the limb is pulled in cases of obstructed labor or shoulder dystocia (Head out, shoulder stuck). An Indian study on birth trauma revealed that the fractured clavicle was commonest bone fractured

Skull fractures are another type of traumatic brain injuries. Closed skull fractures can lead to brain hematomas and damage to the cranial nerves. Open skull fractures can occur from a direct blow or a penetrating injury. Open skull fractures related to direct blows often have increased injures related to the skull fragments being depressed into the brain or the vascular structures of the brain.

Pediatric abusive head trauma, also known as shaken baby syndrome, is a devastating form of abuse. It occurs when a young child is violently shaken. The repeated shaking back and forth motion causes the child’s brain to bounce within the skull, resulting in bruising and swelling. This intentionally inflicted injury causes trauma to the head and neck region, including cranial, cerebral, and spinal injuries. It occurs in infants and small children because the muscles of the neck region aren’t strong enough to go against the shaking force that occurs. Some make a complete recovery; others are left with debilitating handicaps, and in some cases death occurs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), states that among all the forms

There are two kinds of head injuries: open and closed. Open-head injuries are the result of some object, like a missile or an apparatus, penetrating the skull. Closed-head injuries are the result of an impact to the head. According to Ponsford, Sloan, and Snow (2012) about 70% of all injuries to the head are closed-head injuries. Traumatic brain injuries have a severity scale range of mild to severe (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). With mild being a brief change and severe being an extended period of time.

The non-accidental injuries are like, black bruising on the eyes (particularly both eyes). Cheek/side of face, is not easy to bruising especially if there are finger marks this shows a sign. If the child’s mouth has got Tom frenulum which means that the carrier has been forcing something into their mouth like a baby bottle. Shoulders should not have bruising or grasp marks, neither the child’s genitals. Knees are quiet hard to get grasp marks. The skull is very strong so there shouldn’t be any fracture to it, if there is bruising or bleeding under skull this is from shaking the child. The ears should not have any pinch, slap marks or bruising. If the neck has bruising or even grasp marks that is not good. Upper and inner arms bruising or grasp marks shows that the child has been grabbed really hardly. Also the chest should not have any bruising or grasp marks. The back, buttocks, thighs there

Health professionals, in particular GPs and doctors in emergency departments, may examine children with injuries which they suspect may be non-accidental. They have a duty to alert children’s social care when abuse is

Trauma one Pediatric Emergency Department! Trauma one Pediatric Emergency Department responding over! Rescue Unit 29 transporting a 12 year-old boy, named Mike, hit by a car while riding his bicycle. This is a hit and run accident, but other motorists called a rescue unit. The child was not wearing a helmet. Facial bleeding is under control, but he suffered facial and head trauma. There appeared to be no facture of the extremities. Presently he is awake and semi-alert. Vitals signs: BP 120/56, Pulse 120, Oxygen

Results indicated that the primary cause of traumatic brain injuries in adolescents between the ages of 14 to 19 were motor vehicle accidents. Unfortunately, approximately 40% of adolescents diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury admitted into a hospital will decease. Alternatively, the leading cause of traumatic brain injuries in ages 10-13 was falls. Approximately 71% of inpatient care for traumatic brain injuries were for males younger than 17 years of age. A consideration for all age groups is that although a cranial injury due to firearms occurred the least out of all categories, this injury caused the highest rate of

Right now, they diagnose concussions based on the symptoms of one. For example, they might have blurred vision, feel groggy, a headache, a balancing problem or vomiting. Nevertheless, the problem is that it does not allow for doctors to diagnose the severity of a brain injury accurately. Giving a child a computed tomography scan can offer a better look at

Traumatic brain injuries, or TBI, are the leading cause of death in children and young adults globally. Of the people who survive, most live a drastically

Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) approximately kills 306 babies each year in the United States, and causes severe brain injuries to 1000-3000 infants. The term “Shaken Baby Syndrome” (SBS) is often used by doctors and public to describe Abusive Head Trauma (AHT). Shaken Baby Syndrome was coined at the 1970s, yet it is no longer used at many children’s specialized hospitals such as Sydney children’s hospital. Pediatricians more commonly use terms like Abusive head trauma (AHT) or inflicted traumatic brain injury. Although that Shaken Baby syndrome is highly dangerous and common, many people have not heard of it. Therefore, healthcare professionals must warn parents and caregivers about Shaken Baby Syndrome through showing the

Dr. Olympia works in the department of emergency medicine and pediatrics at Penn State Hershey Medical Center. He is now a professor at Penn State College of Medicine. He was a biology major during his undergraduate years. He discussed demographics of head trauma in children. Brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability in pediatric trauma patients. In the US, head trauma in children account for 7,400 deaths and 60,000 hospitalizations. Brain injuries occur in males more than females because males tend to take more risks and are involved in contact sports. Blunt injuries are the most common. Blunt injuries are direct injury to tissues by physical trauma or acceleration, deceleration or rotational forces. Primary injury includes

The past few decades has witnessed the increased in frequency of motor accidents and violence. The most common causes of injury for the young people up to the fourth decade of life include motor vehicle accidents, physical aggression and sports trauma.1,2 Facial trauma in children have a devastating effect both on child as well as on family. Children are more prone to facial fracture because on greater cranial mass to body ratio (8:1). One to fifteen percentage of the total facial fractures occur in children.3-6 The presence of unerupted tooth, lack of pneumatization of the para nasal sinus, low mineralization of bone, flexible suture lines makes children more vulnerable to green stick fractures when compared to adults.7 In addition to this,

Radiographic (X-ray) examination is the most useful diagnostic tool for assessing skeletal trauma. However, during normal growth and development, much of the skeleton of infants and young children is composed of radiolucent growth cartilage that may not appear on the x-ray. So sometimes x-rays can be less reliable than gross deformity and point tenderness in predicting extremity fractures. In this case, health care providers can obtain a film of the uninjured limb for direct comparison to help identify minor alterations in alignment. Also when assessing the child, the health care providers should ask for additional information should as the history of the injury and the clinical manifestations that occurred when the injured happened (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2015).

Visiting and investigating the location where the child was hurt is an important piece of a puzzle in a child abused investigation process because the scene where the child’s injury occurred usually leave an evidence that is crucial to the case. Therefore, it is very critical that the child abused investigator should pay a visit and investigate the scene where the child was injured, especially when the caretaker give the investigator conflicting statements regarding the injury of the child.