Skeleton- the bone framework upon which the rest of the body is built it provides attachments for the muscular system and carries and protects the cardiovascular reparatory systems
Join- a place on the body were two or more bones meet
Skeletal muscle- the attaches to and moves the skeleton. It is often termed striated muscle because it has obvious strips on it caused by the long muscle fibres of which it is composed. It is also called voluntary muscle because it is the only type of muscle under our conscious control.
Skeleton functions:
· Support
· Protection
· Movement
· Blood cell production
· Mineral store
Human body has 206 bones in the body, they are split into two different parts,
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It binds the end of bones together to prevent dislocation.
Tendon- a very strong connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone
Bone is made of collagen fibres filled with minerals, mainly calcium salts.
Collagen- a fibrous protein with great strength that is the main component of bone
Calcium- the mineral stored in bone that keeps it hard and strong. 99% of the body’s calcium is stored in bone.
Joints are links between bones of the skeleton
Diaphysis- the shaft or middle of a long bone
Epiphysis- the end portion of a long bone
Bone marrow- connective tissue found in spaces inside bone that is the site of blood cell production and fat storage
Growth plate- the are of gorwing tissue near the end of long bones in children and adolescents, often referred to as the epiphyseal plate. When physical maturity is reached, the growth plate is replaced by solid bone.
Articular cartilage- a thin layer of glassy- smooth cartilage that is quite spongy and covers the end of bones and
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bursae)- a flattened fibrous sac lines with synovial fluid that contains a thin layer of synovial fluid. Its function is to prevent friction at sites in the body where ligaments, muscles, tendons or bones might rub together.
Meniscus (pl menisci)- a wide of white fibrocartilage that improves the fit between adjacent bone ends, making the joint more stable and reducing wear and tear on joint surface
Pad of fat- a fatty pad that provides cushioning between the fibrous capsule and bone or muscle.
Planes of movement- a flat surface running through the body within different types of movement can take place about different types of synovial joint, there are three main planes that describe the movement of the human body
Movements at any particular joint are possible because of its structure and the skeletal muscles that contract to pull the bone into a different position.
Medial- towards the middle of the body
Lateral- towards the outside of the body
Anatomical position- an upright standing position with shoulder, head, chest, palms of hands , hips, knees and toes facing
Cartilage tissue is a smooth, firm substance that protects ends of the bones from friction during movement and they can be found at the end of our bones in mobile joints, the front ends of the ribs, also in parts of our nose and ears.
and stability allowing the knee joint to slightly rotate the body before and while releasing the ball and lastly the tarsals,metatarsal and phalanges (comprise the bones of the foot to allow
Cartilage doesn’t contain any nerves or blood vessels and is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue, the perichondrium (Marieb, 176). Bones contain various types of tissues which makes them organs. They are used for support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation (Marieb, 178-179).
to contract, which then allows body movements and functions? There are two types of muscles in
12. What are the 3 types of cartilage and where would you find each type?
These muscle tissue cells specialised to contract and move parts of the body. It is also capable of responding to stimuli. There are three types of muscle in the body such as: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. Each muscle is created of muscle fibers that are capable of contracting and returning back to original state-relaxation. Contraction causes movement of the skeleton, soft tissue, blood or specific material. Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones of the skeleton. Some facial muscles are attached to the skin. They have direct control over them through nervous impulses from our brain sending messages to the muscle. Contractions can vary to produce fast, powerful movements. These muscles also have the ability to stretch and contract to return to original shape. Cardiac muscles are found in the chambers of the heart such as the atria and ventricles. It is under the control of the automatic nervous system; however, even without nervous input contractions can occur. It is completely different to all the other muscles. Smooth muscles are also known as involuntary due to our inability to control its movement. This muscle is usually found in the walls of hollow organs
It consists of the shoulder gridle, the arm and hand, the pelvic girdle, the legs and feet. The parts in red in the image are where the appendicular bones can be found in the body. There are two hundred and six bones in the skeletal system. The five main types of bones are; Long bones, short bones, irregular bones,
the cartilage within a joint. Cartilage is the tissue between the joints to ensure that they
The quads include the rectus femoris, and the vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medialis. This muscle group shares a common tendon at insertion. The patellar tendon inserts at the tibial tuberosity, and within this tendon lies the patella. The patella is anterior to the femur-tibia articulation, and this sesmoid bone increases the leverage of the quads by acting as a pulley. The major contributor to the stability of the knee joint is the strength of the quads. The only muscle that assists in extension is the tensor fascia lata.
Compact bone is the hard external layer of all bones that protects and surrounds the medullary cavity filled with marrow.
Hyaline (articular) cartilage is resilient tissue found on the end surfaces of all bones that
Cartilaginous joint is connected by the cartilage and is also known is the slightly moveable joint. It allows little movement between joints in places such as the vertebrae and ribs.
The skeletal system is made up of bones and joints. Bones are a dry dense tissue that is composed of calcium phosphorous and organic matter. The bones are protected and covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue membrane called the periosteum (Brown, et al., 2015, p. 1547). There are two basic types of bone tissue: Compact Bone and Spongy Bone. Compact bones are dense smooth bones, while Spongy bones are composed of small needle-like pieces of bones and open space. Bones are then categorised according to the shape of the bone into four groups: long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones characteristically are typically longer then they are wide and generally have a shaft with heads at either ends e.g. the humerus. They are mainly compact bones. Short bones
Bone serves the organism at multiple levels: As a system, bones permit the organism to locomote effectively and to maintain posture by bearing loads without deformation, by providing rigid attachment sites for muscles and acting as a system of levers to amplify small movements. As an organ, bones protect the viscera and house the hemopoietic tissue (red marrow). As a tissue, bones serve as a reservoir of readily mobilizable calcium, an
Skeletal |Bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments and joints|Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones.|