Soft Tissue Repair Case Study: The Four Phase of Soft Tissue Healing and Therapeutic Interventions that can be used to Aid Progression of Repair.
In this essay we will discuss the four different phases of the soft tissue healing process and also explain all the components of each particular phase and how it functions. This will also include sport therapeutic interventions that may contribute to the healing process and that may maximise healing of soft tissue.
First Phase – Bleeding
This particular phase is immediate and depending on the vascularity of the tissue that is damaged although it only happens during the first few hours as demonstrated by (Watson, 2006) in this illustration of the length of each phase. >
The bleeding occurs following trauma to the tissue this could be an overload of a tissue or even external force. One of the bodies first initial haemodynamic responses to bleeding is vasoconstriction which narrows the blood vessels causing decreased blood velocity, in 2008 (Watson) states that this is due to the release of noradrenaline(norepinephrine); the reaction last lasts only a few seconds to a minute. It is also explained by (Terkeltaub & Ginsberg, 1988) that both lymphatic and blood vessels are plugged to limit any fluid loss and platelet, aggregation is stimulated by the presence of thrombin. Vasoconstriction responds primarily to haemostasis which is a response to prevent blood loss and a platelet plug is formed to support the prevention of excessive
Inflammation normally occurs as a second response when damage tissues. Inflammation can occur immediately however
Tissue damage recovery strategies minimise the level of tissue damage and boost healing. Minor muscle fibre tears caused by strenuous activity and 'cryotherapy' assists in offsetting this tissue damage.
This paper will be a research critique on the article “Frequent Application of the New Gelatin-Collagen Nonwoven Accelerates Wound Healing”, by Schiefer, J.L. and Rath, R, and each section will be examined using our textbook “Understanding Evidence-Based Practice”. The article’s main focus was on determining the effect of healing when using multiple collagen nonwoven applications to chronic wounds. Twelve mini-pigs where used to test this technique and the findings indicated that this method was promising, because the wounds had a faster healing rate when multiple application of gelatin-collagen nonwoven was used as treatment. Analyzing the articles components, we can see that although it does contain preliminary
efficiency of the repair and functional recovery is still unpredictable. The purpose of this review is to
The repair of the ligament is available via a number of different procedures, most of which are decided by the patient and the surgeon. As mentioned, semitendinosus tendon repair and patellar tendon repair are the two most common, however some studies show that the semitendinosus repair allows a more functional outcome in the long term2. Finally, after successful surgery, a lengthy process of rehabilitation can return a knee joint back to full functionality and strength, thanks to the guidelines provided by a physical
There will be a palpable defect in the superficial muscle otherwise known as the muscle towards the top layer of the area, indicating the rupture of individual fibers or the entire muscle. Because grade three strains usually cause a break in the normal outline of the muscle, there may be an obvious, visible dent or gap under the skin where the affected muscle has come apart. A complete rupture will cause the muscle to hemorrhage or bleed and can cause diffuse swelling in some cases. Diffuse swelling often causes the injury to be unable to fully resolve due to the increased fluid in the area which the body is unable to
In accident and injury cases, the initial consultation is free. These meetings tend to be on the short side. They are often no more than 30 minutes.
Participation in sports can affect the upper body extremity in a positive or negative way. Sport injuries of the upper limbs can happen while playing amateur or professional sports. In the article entitled: Sports Injuries of the Upper Limbs, provides the reader with information on the common types of injuries and a treatment plan for each. The article evaluates the management of upper limb tendon injuries from the physiopathology and the new methods of injury treatment that are common in Brazil. (Silva, 2010) Even though this article looked at the Brazilian population, many of the injuries and treatments can be applicable to athletes in the United States. The injuries of the upper body usually happen in sport activities such as, tennis, volleyball,
The knee is a major weightu bearing joint that provides mobility and ustability during physical activity as well as balance while standingu. To provide this range of function, the joint relies on multiple soft-tissue structures to maintain bony alignment during weightu bearing and movement. If the knee is exposed to forces beyond its physiologic range, bone or soft-tissue structures are at risk of injury (1).
Chen and Dragoo (2013) argue that minimal information exists concerning the administration of NSAIDs after injury and surgery. They point out that tissue healing needs many physiological routes. The authors restate that injuries like high tibial osteotomies and bone-tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction necessitate bone-union, whereas rotator cuff repairs, and labral repairs, and hamstring ACL surgeries rely on soft tissue-to-bone therapy. The authors pointed out that soft tissue healing is needed for extensive injuries like MCL tears and subsequent meniscal and Achilles tendon reconstructions (Chen & Dragoo, 2013). The administration of NSAIDs in orthopedic operation is contentious and a topic of ongoing
These types of injuries remain a constant challenge for both athletes and therapists, given their high occurrence rate, slow healing, and persistent symptoms. Not just that but, nearly one third of these injuries reoccur within the first year following a return to sport, with subsequent injuries
After injury Platelets adhere to the site of injury, then platelet gets activated and aggregated followed by activation of coagulation cascade and formation of clot.28,29
After the occurrence of a wound the inflammatory process immediately begins and can last up to 3 days ("Wound Healing" 2016), the initial injury causes the small vessels around the wound site to be disturbed resulting in bleeding, the body’s first response is a haemodynamic one in that it restricts these vessels in order to prevent blood loss. There then comes a rapid release of preformed inflammatory mediators from the cells surrounding the injury, the first thing this causes is the aggregation of platelets, these platelets adhere to extracellular surface structures which are exposed, such as collagen and basement membranes, this in turn causes serotonin from platelet stores to be stimulated. (Kirk, Phillips and Murray 2001)
Jacalyn Duffin traced back to Aristotle’s writing to find the earliest mention of sweating blood. The most common sites for sweating blood were the forehead, scalp, face, eyes, and ears. Patients experienced a slight pain while sweating blood, while others experienced headaches and hypertension. “Although it’s horrible to look at and horrible to suffer, it seems not to be associated with negative outcomes,” (Duffin 12). The blood was tested for signs of coagulation, and surprisingly there were none. "Suddenly your adrenaline goes up and if your adrenaline goes up, maybe it does something to the microvasculature -- your tiny capillaries -- in your skin that causes them to shrink or explode," (Duffin 20). This unproven scenario could be one cause of bleeding
The purpose of this article is to introduce the joint-by-joint approach when treating any types of injury. The idea of the article is based on the Functional Movement screen to treat joint by joint and learn how the movements of the joints relate to training. The human body is made of muscle, tissue, and bones and the joints join it. The article provides understanding of how the athletic trainer or physical therapist should treat the injury.