Sports Medicine Shoulder Injuries Essay

Four muscles that are attached to the shoulder blade make up the rotator cuff. These muscles work together to ensure the shoulder moves and rotates properly. If the muscles become inflamed or torn, you will struggle

The rotator cuff refers to the group of muscles and tendons in your shoulder that connects your shoulder blade to your upper arm.

This paper is going to be over rotator cuff injuries and what to do if this occurs to an athlete. The rotator cuff consists of four muscles which are the Subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and the supraspinatus and their associated tendons that insert into the Humerus. These groups of muscles are responsible for rotating the arm internally and externally as well as abducting the shoulder. The acronym for the four muscles of the rotator cuff is known as SITS. The best treatment for symptomatic, nontraumatic rotator cuff tears is unknown. The purpose of this trial was to compare the effectiveness of physiotherapy, acromioplasty, and rotator cuff repair for this injury. The way this trial worked was that 180 shoulders with the symptomatic,

Dynamic scapular dyskinesis is detected by asking the patient to raise and/or abduct both arms repeatedly in a rhythmic motion, until fatigue of the scapular stabilizers results in failure to keep the scapula well positioned in relation to the thoracic wall. Active scapular retraction and elevation are checked. The next step is to look for muscle atrophy and remember active and passive range of motion should be examined and compared with the non-injured shoulder. It is easy to detect muscle atrophy of the infraspinatus viewing from the back of the patient, whereas the supraspinatus is covered by the trapezius. Atrophy of the shoulder muscles is a common finding in patients with rotator cuff tears.

Instability Impingement. This occurs in younger patients, typically 15-30 years old. The rotator cuff is irritated because the shoulder is loose in the socket. This often happens in baseball pitchers, swimmers, and other throwing athletes. Shoulder instability can be classified into two different types, dislocations and subluxations. Dislocations happen when the head of the humerus completely pops out of the socket. The first few times this happens, it is usually with significant trauma although some people can have these without any injury at all. After that, it can get easier and easier for the joint to dislocate. Most shoulder dislocations are anterior - this means that the ball pops out the front of the socket. Subluxations are the feeling that the shoulder slips slightly out of socket, then immediately comes back in place. This often happens without any major trauma. Sometimes it happens in people who are very "loose-jointed". Sometimes these happen in just one direction like out the front, "anterior", and other times they happen out multiple directions like the front and back,

Ball and socket joint – the rounded head of one bone sits within the cup of another, such as the hip joint or shoulder joint. Movement in all directions is allowed. The ball and socket joint allows a greater range of movement than the pivot joint at the neck.

For shoulder flexion 61% of the variance could be accounted for by the sit-and-reach. A correlation was also found between the modified sit-and-reach test and both the shoulder extension and hip flexion tests. For shoulder extension 33% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach and for hip flexion 22% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach.

A largest and the most complex joint in our body is a shoulder joint. Shoulder joints form when the humerus bone fits into the scapula thus creates a ball and socket structure. Ligament, muscles, padding, tendons, cartilage are totally comprised by the shoulder joint. When anything goes wrong the total mobility of shoulder becomes painful and discomfort. Some common problems affect shoulders such as Nerve compression, Arthritis, Rotating cuff problem, arthroscopy, and shoulder joint dislocation.

Shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint between the shoulder blade and upper arm. It is the most mobile joint of the body. There is capsule which is two layers of members surrounding the joint. Around the capsule, there are some bursae--small fluid-filled sacs to assist the mobility. The shoulder joint is a muscle-dependent joint because it lacks strong ligaments.

Typical strength ratios for the ER and IR of the shoulder have been accounted for to be 2:3 roughly 66% in ordinary. Keeping up a balance of quality between the external and internal rotators of the shoulder is basic for typical muscular force couple activity and, along these lines, fundamental for glenohumeral steadiness. An interruption of these quality proportions will at last influence regulation of the humeral head inside the glenoid cavity. Assessing the muscular strength balance of the internal and external rotators is of crucial significance when deciphering interpreting upper limb strength tests [7]. Ellenbecker et al. (2000),.

Researchers have shown that falling on your shoulder causes eighty-five percent of fractures to the collarbone. Also, the other fifteen percent is caused from direct impact and fall onto your hand. The majority of collarbone injuries happen to people who are involved in sports or other physical activities. With that said, it is important that everyone is aware that by playing sports or just falling on your shoulder you have a risk of having a broken or fractured collarbone. Everyone should always be cautious about their surroundings, because you could slip on something and easily fall onto your shoulder, which could lead to a collarbone injury.

(Peterson and Redlund-Johnell, 2009). Functional movements of the joint include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction both frontal and transverse plane, medial and lateral rotation and circumduction. The shoulder also allows for scapular protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression (Quillen, Wuchner, Hatch, 2004). The primary stabilisers of the shoulder are the biceps brachii (anterior side of the arm), and tendons of the rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) which stabilise the joint by fusing to all sides of the capsule except the inferior margin (Tami, Akutsu and Yano, 2013). The joint capsule and the ligaments of the GH joint work together to provide passive restraint, ensuring the humeral head remains in contact with the glenoid fossa. The lateral attachment of the GH joint capsule attaches to the anatomical neck of the humerous while the glenoid and the labrum are the medial attachment points (Dutton, 2008). When the arm is in the resting position, the inferior and anterior portions of the capsule is loose, while the superior portion is tight.

The cause is unknown but it is believed that thickening and contraction of the glenohumeral joint capsule and the consequent formation of adhesions cause pain and loss of movement. It can occur spontaneously or following an injury to the shoulder (rotator cuff injury) or a period of immobilisation. Diagnosis is made upon history and examination, and the main diagnostic test is the patient’s inability to externally rotate the shoulder, other movements such as abduction and internal

The shoulder joint is extremely flexible compared to the rest of the joints in the body. This flexibility is partly due to the fact that it is a ball and socket joint. By being a ball and socket joint it means that it is capable of circumduction, angular, and rotational movement. It allows one’s arm to move up, down, to the right, to the left, and in a circle. Because it has a large range of movement, it is unstable and easily damaged. To make up for this, it has many ligaments and tendons to keep it in place. In addition, it also has the glenoid labrum which deepens the shallow glenoid cavity and makes it more stable.

The rehabilitation program began after 2 weeks they got shoulder dislocate and it were confirm by physician. The study was conducted with comparison between the injured and non-injured shoulder which served as control condition this study. Six weeks was duration to complete this study and participant to engage in progressive resistive loads/ duration using elastic band and weight 5 days per week. Pre-test and post-test were includes to measured strength and range of motion. Overall, the rehabilitation program proposed in this study was effective to improving strength and range of motion in the injured shoulder as evidenced by the similarity in post-test value between the injured and uninjured