How Does Cyberspace Affect National Security?

Tomorrow’s terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb (National Research Council1). The United States Department of States defined terrorism as: “…premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents.” Terrorism not only occurs on the real life today but also on the internet. As the technology rapidly developed, there is an increase in the usage of internet, the threat comes along the way. Due to the occurrence of internet terrorism-generating fears to the public, the term “Cyberterrorism” was coined by Barry Collin in the 1980’s (Cyberterrorism Defined). The definition of cyberterrorism differs from various legal systems and government

†As †the internet growsn it will offer terrorists a way to control the spread of their propaganda, They are able to recruit supporters, They can learn how to build improvised explosive devices (IED), and to solicit people for financial contributions to help go towards their cause. One of the most common threats that transnational groups poses is cyber crimes. If they are able to access importannt and high security systems they may be able to control military installations, power plants, rail & air traffic control centers, banks and telecommunication networks. † Other targets include police, medical, fire and rescue systems, and water systems.(The white

The agencies employed by governments to police the web in order to protect the vulnerable have seen an increase in child pornography and online fraud. The speed at which information can be distributed and the number of people that can be reached attracts those that are intent on causing harm. The term “cybercrime” is becoming more widely used. The financial gains that can be made and the anonymity the internet can provide, make the virtual world of cyberspace a haven for criminals. Although the internet has huge benefits for information gathering and social networking, in the wrong hands it can cause harm to the vulnerable and criminals are able to vanish into the underground with the use of false identities that are hard to track online.

Cyber security is a major concern for every department, business, and citizen of the United States because technology impacts every aspect of our daily lives. The more we use technology the more complacent, we get with the information that is stored within our cyber networks. The more complacent, we get, the more vulnerable we become to cyber-attacks because we fail to update the mechanisms that safeguard our information. Breaches to security networks are detrimental to personal, economic, and national security information. Many countries, like Russia, China, Israel, France, and the United Kingdom, now have the abilities and technology to launch cyber-attacks on the United States. In the last five years there have been several attacks on cyber systems to gain access to information maintained by major businesses and the United States Government. Cyber-attacks cause serious harm to the United States’ economy, community, and the safety, so we need to build stronger cyber security mechanisms. Based on my theoretical analysis, I recommend the following:

Cyber terrorism has heated up in the political arena thus becoming economically rewarding in relation to career. There are many projects that have been launched to study to study the threat and experts have addressed the congress on the matter and the danger it pauses in a society.

In the previous five years, cybersecurity has turned into the most looked for after calling around the world. More than 90 percent of respondents to an overview directed by the Ponemon Institute (2011) detailed being a casualty to cyberattacks amid the most recent year, costing all things considered more than $2 million for each association. This number keeps on ascending as the two programmers and security devices progress. As indicated by PwC, roughly 33% of all U.S. organizations are as of now utilizing digital protection (Lindros and Tittel, 2016).

In 2013 Edward Snowden shocked the entire world by releasing documents from the NSA that exposed the illegal practice of collecting data both on American citizens and American allies without consent. Snowden’s act led him to become a fugitive hiding under Russian asylum and the rest of the world to worry about their privacy and security in an increasingly technological world. Snowden was just a symptom of the rising lawless international arena that exists in cyberspace. While technically the entire international system lacks policing, cyberspace has the unique feature of connecting every country at the click of a button, bringing citizens and industries in direct contact with each other outside of international guidelines. With an

PART 1B: For example, as a Government and International Politics student specializing in Intelligence Analysis - within the School of Policy, Government, and International Affairs at George Mason University, concepts and theories are presented to shed light on the relationships between cyberspace and international relations (IR). In order to discuss the implications - for my discipline, scholars like myself have to present both fresh and innovative theoretical approaches. At the same time, we have to accept additional contributions - from outside departments - that can enable us to

In today’s world technology has evolved to the point where a large amount of information is stored in cyberspace. It is because of this type of storage people around the world have an easier time at accessing information than ever before. The time before the late 20th century gathering information was long and tedious to get a book that the library did not own would take at least a couple of weeks depending on the time period or it may not have been possible to obtain that book. But now people can access a vast amount of information in a matter of minutes. Example, in modern times if someone wanted to know about a different culture they could simple look up the information on a computer or any device that had access to

Russia also faces complex questions despite the apparent clarity of its “Information Security” policy. The history of cybercrime in Russia provides an interesting illustration of one of these complications. The 1990s marked a legal and economic collapse in Russia, leading to high unemployment even among the tech savvy, ambitious students of the Soviet education tradition. During this time, there arose a national trend of citizens becoming more engaged in criminal structures just to make a living. Cybercrime, both with domestic and international targets, became one of these outlets (Glenney 147). This further illustrates the differences in circumstances between Western and Eastern cyberspace, and leads one to question whether the stronger role of state intervention in Russia is justified or not.

According to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in the article Cyber Threats to Mobile Phones, phones are now sharing hardware and software similar to a PC and becoming each time more like a PC. Therefore, the risks of being hacked are increasing, allowing hackers to attack mobile devices the same way as if they were doing it with a regular PC. Personal and professional information are more often stored on mobile devices therefore it is imperative to have our data secure. Security solutions for mobile devices are not as broad or high-tech as those for PCs. The majority of mobile security relies on the proper use and smart choices that the user makes on a daily basis to be protected against cyber attacks. Even the most careful person can be attacked but the possibilities of that happening are less when you are proactive.

Cyber Security also called computer security and IT security, is the assurance of data from theft or any harm to the gadget, the product and information stored on hardware. It incorporates controlling physical access to the equipment and additionally ensuring against code or data injection or via network access.

The Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines cyber security measures taken to protect a computer or computer system (as on the Internet) against unauthorized access or attack Most people think that hackers are just people that want to mess up your computer, but real hackers break into systems because they want to see what they can do, then they might leave a message on the victims computer, but that’s it. So, the computer security people protect from those other hackers that want to mess up peoples computers. The means we take can as individual to protect ourselves in the cyber world is be anyomous on websites, don’t post your personal information ,have virus protection install on your computer, get spy

In understanding the field of international security studies, an array of technical terms and concepts must first be defined. Throughout this research paper I will be using various terminology relating to the cyberspace and its struggles when evaluating the magnitude of potential cyber threats.

The creation of the Internet allowed humans to become connected in a way that was unimaginable by our ancestors. With the click of a button, we are able to communicate with someone across the world within seconds. However, the Internet, the core of cyberspace, also provides a domain for countries to overcome geographical and physical limitations as well as border security. Many nation-states seeking to exert lateral pressure now have a cost-effective means to do so. They are able to “expand their activities and exert influence and control beyond their established boundaries” due to the borderless nature of the cyberspace domain (Choucri & Agarwal, 2016, p. 2).