Traumatic Brain Injury Essay

Medical and technological advances have led to greater survival rates in individuals suffering from various illness and injury throughout history. This includes individuals who suffer traumatic and nontraumatic brain injuries. Approximately 1.5 million people in the United States sustain a brain injury each year with the survival rate of over 90 percent making brain injury the leading cause for disability in the United States. (Mysiw, Bogner, Corrigan, Fugate, Clinchot, & Kadyan 2006). Cognitive, physical, sensory and behavioral changes are widely noted in individuals in the months and years following a brain injury. However, the psychosocial, psychological and emotional effects of these injuries are less discussed and therefore these aspects can be overlooked when anticipating a course of treatment. Individuals who sustain acquired brain injuries experience significant, lasting impairment in the psychosocial, psychological and emotional aspects of their lives and better understanding of these issues can lead to better treatment and coping skills for these individuals.

For example, one head injury might cause poor memory or slurred speech. It can also cause a personality change or someone to have sudden difficulties with math. People who have experienced TBI have a much higher likelihood of having depression because they compare what they used to be able to do. They might suddenly have greater difficulty with simple tasks, noise and crowds, and it makes them sad. Sleep insomnia is another common issue with this injury because it can mess up an individual's sleep

Traumatic brain injury is any damage caused to the brain. Individuals with TBI may show aphasia-like symptoms, yet the characteristics of TBI include mostly cognitive processes deficits. Those characteristics include disrupt orientation, attention, memory, visual processing, and executive functions problems. Penitents with TBI experience a blackout that can last anywhere between a few minutes up to months and usually wake up confused and disoriented. They do not have any recollection of the events that occurred. In addition to the common characteristics mentioned earlier, TBI patients exhibit communication deficits that relate to poor cognitive functioning such as problems with word finding, grammatical, spelling, reading, and writing. The cause of TBI is very straightforward, unlike SLI or ASD. Any injury to the head, for example motor vehicle accidents, falls, blast trauma, and more, can cause a TBI. These in turn can cause damage to multiple areas of the brain and impair motor, speech, language, and cognitive functions as discussed. It is important to note that unlike ASD that usually

A traumatic brain injury (“TBI”) occurs when the brain is somehow injured, rattled, or wounded from an external source of force. The means of acquisition and the severity of TBIs are unique to each patient; therefore, symptoms and rehabilitation can vary greatly depending on the patient’s condition following the incident and how they sustained the injury. The severity of a TBI is generally classified into one of three categories: mild, moderate, or severe, and this type of diagnostic criteria influences how a patient with TBI is treated by medical staff and rehabilitation specialists. TBIs can affect a specific part of the brain that was directly impacted, leaving the patients with only one or a few areas of impairment, or the damage can

A traumatic brain injury (“TBI”) occurs when the brain is somehow injured, rattled, or wounded from an external source of force. The means of acquisition and the severity of TBIs are unique to each patient; therefore, symptoms and rehabilitation can vary greatly depending on the patient’s condition following the incident and how they sustained the injury. The severity of a TBI is generally classified into one of three categories: mild, moderate, or severe, and this type of diagnostic criteria influences how a patient with TBI is treated by medical staff and rehabilitation specialists. TBIs can affect a specific part of the brain that was directly impacted, leaving the patients with only one or a few areas of impairment, or the damage can

For a long time, traumatic brain injury has been a large contributor to disabilities and death within the United States. Around 30 percent of these injuries lead to death, and those who survive these injuries may suffer from short-term side effects to long-term disabilities. It can range from a minor head injury to a major injury that you might suffer from a motorcycle accident.

Traumatic brain injury is a serious harm to the brain which happens after a blow or jolt to the head. Also it causes wide-ranging spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Suffering from TBI is not only an impact on the individual but it can also be devastating to the individual’s family. TBI can occur after experiencing a traumatic event or situation such as, accident, fall, violence, etc. There are three types of common symptoms for TBI for example, Physical, cognitive, and emotional. The symptoms for TBI and PTSD are really similar and because of similarities in both, it can be difficult to understand what the fundamental complication is. Furthermore, individuals with TBI are more likely to develop PTSD in the long run. Since there were many things the women was forgetting about while telling her story, it could have been due to TBI. When telling her story she couldn’t stay calm,” she cries

A traumatic brain injury (also known as a TBI) is a hit to the head that causes damage to the brain cells as well as causes the person to become confused, as a result of the information that’s being sent to neuron to neuron getting interrupted.When the impulses are not going the correct way it causes the person to change their personality, attitude and emotions. Not to mention that no two brain injuries are alike. For the medical team they take a different approach.

With all the rest required when recovering from a traumatic brain injury, there is a lot of productivity lost in the work place. This loss of productivity has also been shown to result lack of job stability. There is not any exact data on the amount of financial data lost due specifically to TBI, but the annual cost of acute care and rehabilitation as close to reaching 10 billion dollars (Vuadens 2006). The main focus of a study by Saltychev was about returning to work following a TBI. He was identifying factors that are able to predict successful employment after a traumatic injury. Four of the trials he explored were found had positive interventions with returning to work.

almost two-thirds of persons are affected within seven years after injury.2 Importantly, major depression is associated with adverse outcomes,3,4,5 including social isolation, hostility and cognitive deficits.6 Little is known, however, about the development and progression of depression after TBI,3 particularly among women.7 Some risk factors for depression following TBI include structural changes in the brain due to injury. Depression may result from injury to the areas of the brain that control emotions, in particular areas of the limbic system. Changes in levels of certain chemicals in the brain, including neurotransmitters, have also been reported and can increase risk for depression following TBI.8 Psychological response to injury may

Additionally, the older a person is at the time of injury, the higher risk of decline in functional independence, increases in fatigue, declines in societal participation, and declines in perceived environmental barriers (Sendroy-Terrill et al, 2009). Lastly, the conclusion stated by Sendroy was there has increased understanding of the aging process after TBI by demonstrating that years postinjury and age at injury are predictive of several outcomes after TBI. I found it clever that they had many different biological and psychological aspects they measured in their survey because it gives a variety of outcomes caused by TBI. However, by using a survey there is a high probability of response bias so they may not be as reliable as researchers would like. Lastly, the conclusion reached that does show that certain outcomes can be predicted to a certain extent but does not give a high statistical

TBI can have lifelong consequences that affect cognitive, physical and psychological well-being. These changes from preinjury status can have a financial and social impact. Outcomes can be greatly influenced by lack of access to care and by social and economic barriers (Stocchetti & Zanier, 2016).

Nampiaparampil (as cited in Williamson et al., 2013) stated that pain is often a secondary complication following traumatic onset of TBI. In terms of pain, the mediating effects of depression suggest that pain may engender depressive symptoms such as negative moods and unpleasant experiences that predict further decreases in HRQoL among patients with TBI (Williamson et al., 2013). According to Bombardier (as cited

Level of consciousness (LOC), Altered mental status (AMS), Post traumatic amnesia (PTA), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were implemented in the evaluation of the severity of the TBI, as shown below:

There are some neurological impairments such as Parkinson’s disease especially in people that were in combat, lose control of the movement in their body part. Also, psychological impairments that include depression that may develop within three years of moderate or severe TBI or within 12 month when mild TBI.